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THE PUPIL'S WORKBOOK IN THE 
GEOGRAPHY OF WISCONSIN 




THIS IS MY BOOfC 



ulPIt'S NAME 



GINN AND COMPANY 

BOSTON • NEW YORK ■ GHICAGO • LONDON 

'.TTAVTA • D4lL^s • coujMPf.t? ■ SAN FR *,N'nsro 



'' , I I 



THE HiYE-ATWOOD GEOGRAPHICAL SERIES 

Here is a course new in treatment, new in content. Human geography 
is die keynote. 

The Frye-Atwood Geographical Scries provides a wealth of stimulating sug- 
gestive problem material and the full map equipment essential to the freest 
fdevdopment of the problem method. 

While the co-authors are joindy responsible for the entire series, each has 
taken one book for his special care. The result : Book Two is not simply an 
; elaboration of Book One but approaches the subject from a new angle. 

NEW GEOGRAPHY, BOOK ONE By Alexis Everett Frye 

A new^ fresh, and original treatment of the minimum essentiab of 
geography that every child must have as a backgcound for his later study. 
The work is based on human gecgrajphy with the stoty approach. There 

are six fiill-page illustrations in color and over five hundred and fifty illys- 
trations in black and white. Anong the latter are the so<ailed " industrial 
n-otion pictures." 

NEW GEOGRAPHY, BOOK TWO By Wallace W. Atwood 

The first regiohal geography offiEred to American schools. This text- 
book, which marks a new era in the teaching of geography, is conspicuous 
for it^ adaption to the problem method. There are sixty cobred maps 
arratiged in series of five map each to show the natural regions, economic 
and comjnercial factors, with the political boundaries, rainfall, distribution 
of population, and vegetation and relief. The value of the six hundred 
illustrations b greatly enhanced by the foil legends, which include ques- 
tions designed to stimulate interest and thought on the part of the student. 

^!',s. Anna ix»ckwood, special teacher of geography, RcKhester, Minnesota, 
.) "Because of the problem-method ippixjach these books fit better into 
B' our plan of teaching both world and home geography than any others." 



GINN AND COMPANY : PUBLISHERS 



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THE PUPIL^S WORKBOOK IN THE 
GEOGRAPHY OF WISCONSIN 

THE PROJECT- PROBLEM METHOD 

PREPARED AND ARRANGED BY 
LYNN B. STILES 




GINN AND COMPANY 

BOSTON • NEW YORK ■ CHICAGO • LONDON 
ATLANTA • DALLAS • COLUMBUS ■ SAN FRANCISCO 






TO THE TEACHER 

Interest versus Memory Facts. Experience has proved that attempts to make boys and girls remem- 
ber facts in which they are not interested are failures. Even when reenforced by interest the normal-minded 
child will not remember any considerable number of the thousands of facts presented in the ordinary textbook 
study of geography. 

Some few things the pupil must learn and must not forget, but barring these fundamentals, it is more 
worth while to learn how to get required information than to attempt to overburden the memory with facts. 

Problem Study. The generally accepted modern idea of the correct procedure in the classroom 
study of geography is to base the study upon some problem which presents an appeal to the interest 
of the learner. This interest may be aroused through dealing with facts connected with the daily activities 
of people. The ultimate purpose of a large part of such study is to impress the plastic, unfolding mind of 
youth with the solidarity and interdependence of the human race. This is " human geography." 

State Geography. It means much for the boys and girls in the schoolrooms of Wisconsin today 
to become acquainted to a considerable extent with the human geography of their state. Such knowledge 
is superficial and in the main valueless if it be acquired through the committing to memory of the unrelated 
facts in the ordinary state geography supplement. That knowledge is most worth while which is gained 
by the learner's own effort. It is believed that the problem material presented in this book, worked out 
by the pupils under the inspiration and guidance of the teacher, will go far toward making the boys 
and girls independent students of geography. 

The Use of this Book. No specific time is set for the completion of any of the problem studies 

offered in this book. Some classes will work more rapidly than others. Teachers need not feel compelled 

to have their classes cover all the problems presented nor to follow the order of their presentation. Those 

studies may be taken up first which seem most interesting, and the work may be continued to conform to 

the time schedule in the local courses of study. The principal thing to bear in mind is that the pupils who 

do the work correctly and with the least assistance are the ones who will benefit most. 

L. B. S. 



g)CI.A622976 



321.8 COPYRIGHT, 1921, BY GINN AND COMPANY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 

2 



St? 



2^ \92\ 



1 



_■ TO THE BOYS AND GIRLS OF WISCONSIN 

'-^ 

Do you like to go visiting ? Of course home is the best of all places, yet most folks like to make jour- 
neys — like to go to the homes of other people, to talk with them, to hear what news they have to tell, 
and to learn whether there are new ideas and better ways of doing things. 

In some ways the study of geography is like visiting. No matter how much you travel you can never 
go to all the places you would like to know something about. However, if you know how to read and if 
you understand maps you can learn much about places you have never seen by reading what other people 
who have been there have written about them. In fact, reading is very much like traveling ; the printed 
page makes you see pictures of what you would actually find were you to travel. 

For several years you have been studying geography. You have been learning about other people in 
many different parts of the world — their habits and customs, many of which seem strange to us. You have 
learned about their homes and the ways in which they make their living. You have studied and learned 
most about the United States of America, the best of all countries, we think. Now in this book you 
are going to become better acquainted with the people of our own state, the state of which you and I 
are so proud. 

There are a number of books in which you may read about Wisconsin. Probably several of them are 
in your school library. You may be able to get some help from these books in what you are going to do 
in this book. However, even if your school library does not have books on Wisconsin, you will get along 
very well if you follow the directions given in this book. 

You are not expected to remember all the facts you discover while you are working out the lessons in 
this book. You need not even try to do so. That is not the real purpose of the work. If the work were 
not interesting you would not remember the facts, but if you will follow the lessons as if they were games, 
just enjoying them from day to day, you will surprise yourself and others by what you will be able to 
tell anybody who asks you anything about Wisconsin. 

Do not get the idea that there is anything hard in these lessons. If you follow each as it is arranged 
for you, you will find each new step easy — in fact, easier for you to work out yourself than for you to get 
somebody else to tell you how to do it. 

This book does not tell you all there is to be known about Wisconsin. As long as you live there will 
be something new for you to learn. However, when you have finished the lessons offered to you perhaps 
you will feel that the people of our state are in some ways like a great family. There are thousands and 
thousands of boys and girls like you going to school regularly and getting ready to take the places of the 
other thousands of men and women now working and earning a living, and doing their best to make 
the state better in every way. Each should do his honest share of the work to be done, and do many 
things for others because others are doing things every day for him. The author hopes that the use of 
this little book will lead you into a better understanding of this family relation. 

L. B. .S. 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

WHERE ON EARTH IS WISCONSIN? S 

MEASURING WISCONSIN 6 

GETTING ACQUAINTED WITH OURSELVES 8 

WHO ARE OUR NEIGHBORS? lo 

THE INDIANS TRAVELED IN CANOES 12 

LET'S HITCH UP THE "IRON HORSE" 14 

IF I OWNED AN AIRPLANE 16 

WISCONSIN HENS LAY OVER SEVEN HUNDRED MILLION EGGS ANNUALLY 18 

WISCONSIN IS THE LEADING DAIRY STATE IN THE UNITED STATES 20 

GAMES 22 

WISCONSIN'S WEALTH BENEATH ITS SOILS 23 

MANY PEOPLE RIDE ON THE "BROOMSTICK TRAIN" 26 

WISCONSIN IS A LEADING CANNING STATE 28 

WISCONSIN LEADS IN CANNING PEAS 30 

WISCONSIN'S MANUFACTURED ARTICLES ARE SENT TO MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD . . 31 

SOME ARTICLES MANUFACTURED IN WISCONSIN CITIES 32 

WISCONSIN CITIES ARE BEEHIVES OF INDUSTRY 35 

POTATO CROP BY COUNTIES 36 

POTATOES 38 

POTATO PROBLEMS 39 

SHEEP AND SWINE IN WISCONSIN 4° 

WISCONSIN HAS MORE SILOS THAN ANY OTHER STATE 42 

WISCONSIN IS NOT IN THE "CORN BELT" — BUT! 44 

WISCONSIN RAISES MUCH BARLEY 46 

WHERE RYE IS RAISED 47 

WHO EATS OATS? 48 

WHERE UNDER THE SUN IS WISCONSIN? 49 

AUTOMOBILES AND HORSES IN WISCONSIN IN A RECENT YEAR 50 

AREA OF COUNTIES IN WISCONSIN 5° 

WISCONSIN— THE "CREAM PITCHER" OF THE UNITED STATES 52 

THE "WHITE COAL" OF WISCONSIN S4 

STUDYING MY OWN COUNTY 56 

MAP OF COUNTY S7 

STUDY OF MY OWN CITY, VILLAGE, TOWNSHIP, OR SCHOOL DISTRICT 58 

MAP OF — 59 

POPULATION STATISTICS 60 

HOW MANY THERE ARE OF US 62 

A SONG THAT ALL BADGER STATE BOYS AND GIRLS SHOULD SING 64 

4 w 



THE PUPIL'S WORKBOOK IN THE GEOGRAPHY 

OF WISCONSIN 



WHERE ON EARTH IS WISCONSIN 

Problem Study 

(Refer to the map of Wisconsin in the front of this book and to a map of the Western Hemisphere) 
LOCATING WISCONSIN AS TO LATITUDE 

The southern boundary hne of Wisconsin is the parallel of : degrees north latitude. 

The parallel of degrees north latitude passes through the Apostle Islands in Lake 

These islands are a part of County. 

The 45 th parallel of north latitude passes through Wisconsin a little distance north of its central part. 

Therefore we may say that Wisconsin lies about way between the equator and the 

pole. 

It is degrees from the southern boundary of Wisconsin to the 



of Cancer. From the parallel of degrees north latitude, which passes through the 

Apostle Islands, to the arctic circle is degrees. From these facts we learn that 

Wisconsin lies entirely in the zone, about halfway between the 

tropic of and the circle. 

LOCATING WISCONSIN AS TO LONGITUDE 

The 87th meridian west of the prime meridian at passes through 

the County peninsula. The g2d meridian west of 

enters the state on the north through County. The meridian of 90 de- 
grees west longitude passes through Wisconsin near its center. Therefore we may say that Wisconsin 
lies about one of the way around the earth west from the prime meridian at 



MEASURING WISCONSIN 

Problem Study 

(Consult the map of Wisconsin in the front of this book) 

The 90th meridian, west , crosses the 47th parallel, north 



-, in Lake 



From that point to the 



southern boundary line of Wisconsin is 



degrees of latitude. This distance is 



miles. 



The 45th parallel, north 



_, crosses the 87th meridian, west 



_, in Lake 



The 45 th parallel, north 



_, crosses the 92d meridian, west 



m 



County. Between these two points on the 45th parallel is . 



degrees of longitude. The length of a degree of 



on the 45 th parallel is 



about 49 miles. Therefore this distance is about 



miles. 



The width of Wisconsin along its southern boundary line is about 



miles. Its width 



along the 45th parallel, north 



-, is about 



miles. Its length 



along the 90th meridian, west 



., is about 



miles. Its actual 



area as a part of the United States is given by our national government as 56,066 square miles. This 



area includes both land and water surface. 



GETTING ACQUAINTED WITH OURSELVES 

Problem Study 

(See areas of counties on page 50 of this book) 



There are counties in Wisconsin. The largest county is 

it contains square miles and is larger than the entire state of 



The smallest county is ; it contains _ square miles. The area of this 

county (the one in which the pupil lives) is square miles. (On the map on the opposite 

page write the area in square miles on each of the counties referred to below.) 
The following four counties touch Lake .Superior : 



The following six counties touch Illinois : 



The following three counties touch Lake Winnebago : 



One county touches both Iowa and Minnesota : 



One county touches both Iowa and Illinois : 



Two counties touch both Lake Michigan and Green Bay ; 



Five counties touch the upper peninsula of the state of Michigan : 



On the map on the opposite page draw colored lines along the borders of the above counties. 

8 w 



WHO ARE OUR NEIGHBORS 

Problem Study 

(Consult a large map of Wisconsin. See also Article II, Constitution of Wisconsin) 
1. The map on the opposite page shows that Wisconsin touches Lake 



on the north and Lake on the east. Bay, an arm of 

Lake , indents Wisconsin on the northeast. 

2. Show the following boundary-line rivers by v/a\j lines. Use a blue pencil for this if you have one. 
Put the names of the rivers on them. 

Menominee Brule Montreal St. Louis St. Croix Mississippi 

3. Show land boundaries by solid straight lines. Use a purple pencil for this if you have one. 

4. Locate by a square (D) each of the following cities on the map on the opposite page. Write their 
names on your map. 

Marinette Hurley Superior Hudson La Crosse Beloit 



LET'S GO VISITING 

Take a street car in Marinette and ride across the River to the city of 

in the state of 



Stand on the bank of the River at Hurley and toss a stone across the 

river into the city of in the state of 

Ride on a street car from Superior across the bay at the mouth of the River 

to the city of in the state of 

Take a steam train at Hudson, cross the River, and ride about twenty- 
five miles west to the Twin Cities, and , 

in the state of . 

Row down the River from Hudson until you enter the '" Father of Waters." 

Stand on the east bank of the Mississippi River, about twenty miles south of the city of La Crosse. You 

are now in ^ County. Look west across the River 

and see where the boundary line between the states of and 

touches Wisconsin. 

Stand in the extreme southwest comer of Wisconsin in County ; look southwest and 

see the city of in the state of 

Stand with your left foot on the line of the southern city limits of the city of Beloit. Look toward 
Lake Michigan. (Can you see it.' It is just sixty miles away.) Now look at your right foot; it is in 
the state of 

Said the Badger State to the Wolverine, On my south, o'er fields of grain and maize, 
" I greet you on my east ; Wind from the Prairie State blows ; 

While the Hawkeye State and the Gopher too Dwells o'er Gitche Gumee, north by east. 
Stand stanchly on my west. Our T/idy of the Sno7vs" ' 

1 Have you ever read " Hiawatha," by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, and "Our Lady of the Snows," by Rudyard Kipling? 

lo w 



THE INDIANS TRAVELED IN CANOES 

Problem Study 

(Refer to the map of Wisconsin in the front of this book) 

Long before the first white man saw our state of Wisconsin the red men roved through its forests in 
search of game and paddled their canoes up and down its rivers. Of course there were no cities in the 
state in those days. It was along the waterways that the early explorers established their first trading posts. 
In getting acquainted with our state let us travel along its water routes, seeing it as it is today. 

As you paddle your canoe, always write on the map on the opposite page the name of the river or 
lake you are on. Use a blue pencil for this if you wish. Designate important cities that you can see in 
your journey by a circle (O). Write the name of each city near it ; use a black pencil for this. If you wish 
you may write in red the names of cities having more than 5000 population. If you care to do so you may 
designate the county seat of each Wisconsin county you see as you paddle along ; thus, O. You will find 
all the information you need on pages 60 and 61 of this book. 

LET US TAKE SOME CANOE TRIPS 

Journey I 
Get into your canoe at Hudson and paddle south. You are on the waters of the 



River. Before you have gone twenty miles you will see a larger river coming from your right. This is the 

River, called the " Waters." From where you 

enter this river it flows south along the boundary of Wisconsin. You may 

paddle south on this river until you see the city of Dubuque on your right hand. Until you see that city 
every foot of ground on your left is a part of Wisconsin. In keeping with the suggestions in the preceding 
paragraph, make the map on the opposite page tell the story of your trip. 

Journey II 

Turn your canoe about and paddle back up the Mississippi River until you come to the boundary line 
between Grant and Crawford counties. Directly north of you, on the right bank of the same river you are 

on, lies the city of The name of this city means "the meadow of the 

dogs." Flowing into the Mississippi River, directly at your right, is the largest river within our state, 

the . — River. Turn your canoe into this river and make the map on 

the opposite page tell the story of your trip on it as far as you wish to travel. Do not fail to take a good 
look at " the Dells " as you pass. 

Journey III 

The Indian guides showed the early Wisconsin explorers how to travel by water from the Great Lakes 
to the Mississippi River — having their canoes out of water for only a little over a mile. The city which 
now stands where this transfer was made is named from what these voyagers did — Portage. Make the map 
on the opposite page show your canoe trip on the Vox River from near Portage to Green Bay. 

Journey IV 

Did you notice when you were taking your first canoe trip down the Mississippi River that just before 
you came to the boundary line between Pepin and Buffalo counties a large river poured its waters into 
the Mississippi River on your left hand .' If you wish you may paddle up that river to Chippewa Falls and 
beyond. The meaning of the name of the city of Eau Claire is " clear water." 

12 w 




WISCONSIN 



SCALE OF MILES 

12 24 36 43 60 



13 



LET'S HITCH UP THE "IRON HORSE" 

Problem Study 

(Consult the State Railroad Map) 

The popular name given to the locomotive by the Indians was " iron horse." Look at the Wisconsin 
State Railroad Map and see the thousands of miles of steel track that run today from one part of the 
state to another for the " iron horse." 

1. On the map on the opposite page locate tlie railroad station nearest your home. Select any other 
station within fifty miles on the same line of railroad. Write the names of these two stations on the 
map. Connect the two places which you have located by a line following the railroad that you would use 
in going between them. If you can do so, find out the exact mileage and the exact railroad fare between 
these places. Put this information and the abbreviation of the name of the railroad on your map. 

2. Write the names of the cities listed below on the map on the opposite page, indicating the location 
of each city by a square (D). Connect each pair of cities by a line following the most direct railroad route. 
If you wish, you may show by a circle (O) any other cities that you would pass through in making the trip 
over that route. Always write on the line of railroad you draw the abbreviation of the name of the railroad. 
Write the full name of each railroad line and its length in miles in the proper space below. By using the 
scale of miles on the map, you can estimate pretty closely the railroad distance between these cities. 



From 



Madison 
Milwaukee . 
Prairie du Chien 
Wisconsin Rapids 
Superior . . 
Ashland . . 
Neenah . 
Fond du Lac 
Monroe . . 
Stevens Point . 
Rhinelander . 
Wisconsin Rapids 
Milwaukee . 
Barron . . . 
Green Bay . . 
Manitowoc . . 
Your home 
Your home 



To 
Milwaukee . 
Janesville . 

La Crosse . . 

Green Bay . . 

Eau Claire . . 

Superior . . 
Chippewa Falls 

Green Bay . . 

Madison . . 

Portage . . . 

Ashland . . 
Tomahawk . 

La Crosse . . 
Rhinelander 

Milwaukee . . 

Marinette . . 

Madison . . 

Milwaukee . . 



On Railroad 



Miles 



14 




^5 



IF I OWNED AN AIRPLANE 

Problem Study 

(Refer to the map of Wisconsin in the front of this book) 
My home is in the (township, village, city) of 



in the county of 



From where I live to 



-, the capital of Wiscon- 



sm, IS 



miles in a straight line. 



-, the capital of this state, is in 



County ; it is also the county seat of that county. (Connect your home and the state capital 

by a straight line and indicate on the line the distance in miles.)* 



From my home to 



-, the metropolis of Wisconsin, is 



miles 



in a straight line. (Draw the line on the map and indicate on it the distance in miles.) 



The capital of the state, 
the metropolis, 



-, IS 



miles in a straight line from 



-. (Draw the line and indicate on it the distance in miles.) 



The second city in size in the state, 

from _ , the capital, and 



miles from 



-, is miles in a straight line 

, the 



metropolis. (Draw these two lines and indicate on each the number of miles between the cities it connects.) 



Projects 

1. Connect the pairs of cities listed below by straight lines, indicating upon each line the distance 
in miles between them : 



Superior and Milwaukee 
Milwaukee and Green Bay 
Fond du Lac and Ashland 
Stevens Feint and Madison 
Marinette and La Crosse 



Ashland and Madison 
Madison and Wisconsin Rapids 
Milwaukee and Wausau 
Eau Claire and Milwaukee 
Superior and La Crosse 



La Crosse and Milwaukee 
Ashland and Superior 
Oshkosh and Milwaukee 
Kenosha and Madison 
Manitowoc and Superior 



2. Draw straight lines from your home to any of the above cities zvhich are within one hundred 
miles of your home. Indicate on each line the distance in miles. 



Make all lines on your map look like arrows (- 

i6 



mile 



■»• 




WISCONSIN 



SCALE OF MILES 

12 24 3S 48 60 



•7 



WISCONSIN HENS LAY OVER SEVEN HUNDRED MILLION EGGS ANNUALLY 

Project. On the map on the opposite page put one dot (•) in each county for ei<ery §000 hens. 





AVERAliK Nl'MBEK 




.\VERAGE Number 




Average Nu.mber 


COLINTY 


Hens, January i ok 


County 


Hens, January 1 of 


County 


Hess, January i of 




A Recent Year 




a Recent Year 




A Recent Year 


Adams 


69-378 


Iowa 


' 70,935 


Portage .... 


101,901 


Ashland 








18.577 


Iron . . 








12,182 


Price . . 








3S.II7 


IJarron . . 








.4..5"8 


Jackson . 








130,366 


Racine . 








154,310 


Bayfield . 








32.322 


Jefferson 








292,208 


Richland 








141,955 


Brown . . 








1 1 8.699 


Juneau . 








101,250 


Rock . . 








317,753 


Buffalo 








120.323 


Kenosha 








114,895 


Rusk 








34,896 


Burnett 








50,920 


Kewaunee 








88,778 


St. Croix 








160,105 


Calumet . 








i'3."45 


La Crosse 








105,696 


Sauk . . 








284,914 


Chippewa . . 








1 14,082 


Lafayette 








207,044 


Sawyer . 








13,824 


Clark . . 








153.030 


Langlade 








42,280 


Shawano 








143,278 


Columbia . 








264,527 


Lincoln . 








37,717 


Sheboygan 








230,872 


Crawford . . 








118,813 


Manitowoc 








168,139 


Taylor . 








48,011 


Dane . . . 








523,162 


Marathon 








I 79,840 


Trempealeau 






190,037 


Dodge . . 








363.742 


Marinette 








58,3 '4 


Vernon . 








184,884 


Door . . 








79.067 


Marquette 








77,626 


\'ilas . . 








11,242 


Douglas . 








27.947 


Milwaukee 








1 10, 171 


Walworth 








229,345 


Dunn . . 








152,254 


Monroe . 








166,935 


Washburn 








30,624 


Eau Claire 








88,273 


Oconto . 








93,160 


Washington 








175,383 


Florence . 








9.794 


Oneida . 








15.415 


Waukesha 








215,523 


Fond du Lac 








253.535 


Outagamie 








172,645 


Waupaca 








141,207 


Forest . . 








30,428 


Ozaukee 








102,903 


Waushara 








122,403 


Grant . . 








346,626 


Pepin 








65,108 


Winnebago 








138,077 


Green . . 








217,281 


Pierce . 








'30,553 


Wood . 








97,855 


Green Lake 








80,766 


Polk . . 








155-072 







Problems 

1. Wisconsin hens lay an average of 86 eggs each in a year. Based on this average, the hens in my 
county laid eggs last year. 

2. The average number of chickens hatched and raised during a year is about one and one-half times 
the number of hens owned on January i. The average number of eggs hatched is about one half of the 
number set. Based on these averages, the number of eggs remaining for sale or table use last year in 
my county was 

3. Estimating the average selling-pricC' of eggs at cents per dozen, the value of the eggs sold 

or eaten by the owners of hens in my county is $ annually. 

4. (If you cannot answer the following questions, ask your grocer.) What are "cold-storage" eggs.' 
l'"or how long a period according to law may eggs be left in " cold-storage " houses .'' What are 
" candled " eggs .' 

5. Describe a breed of hens and see whether your classmates can give its correct name. 

6. What is the purpose of a fowl's gizzard .' (Did you ever see fowls eating gravel .') 

7. How long does it take a setting hen to hatch her eggs .' What is an incubator .' 

i8 w 



WISCONSIN IS THE LEADING DAIRY STATE IN THE UNITED STATES 



(Wisconsin's milk cows produce over 140 quarts of milk per second. Can you prove this?) 

Project. On the map on the opposite page put one dot (•) in each county for every lOOO milk coivs 
in that county. Distribute the dots in each county as fairly as you can. 



County 


No. OF 

Milk Cows 


Av. No. 
Lb. Milk 
PER Cow 
IN I Yr. 


Total No. Lb. Milk 
Produced in i Yr. 


ColNTY 


No. of 
Milk Cows 


Av. No. 
Lb. Milk 
PER Cow 

IN I Yr. 


Total No. Lb. Milk 
Produced in i Vr. 


Adams . . . 


8,093 

6,470 

37.519 
6,990 

31.950 
26,752 
11,095 
23,852 
33,614 
49,865 
27,412 
22,304 

75.903 
70,412 
16,030 

5,690 
36,812 
20,380 

1,481 
52,986 

2,079 

47,465 
46,682 
16,930 
42,310 
2,1 1 2 
19,762 
45,243 
18,547 
16,840 
20,201 
25,198 
35,601 
11,518 
10,150 
41,483 


4.421 
4,966 

5,245 
5,008 

5.037 
4.159 
4,777 
4,984 
5,081 

4,926 
4,442 
3.65. 
4.895 
5,152 
4.706 
4.842 
4.890 
5,022 
4.448 
5.160 

4.539 
3.958 
5,008 

4,617 
4,443 
4-756 
4,488 
5,858 
4,432 
5,483 
4,960 

5.013 
4,564 
4,735 
4,810 

5.338 




Marathon . 
Marinette . . 
Marquette . . 
Milwaukee 
Monroe . . 
Oconto . . . 
Oneida . . . 
Outagamie 
Ozaukee . . 
Pepin . . . 
Pierce . . . 
Polk . . . 
Portage . . 
Price . . . 
Racine . . . 
Richland . . 
Rock . . . 
Rusk . . . 
St. Croix . . 
Sauk . . . 
Sawyer . . . 
Shawano . . 
Sheboygan 
Taylor . . . 
Trempealeau . 
Vernon . . 
Vilas . , . 
Walworth . . 
Washburn 
Washington . 
Waukesha . . 
Waupaca . 
Waushara . . 
Winnebago 
Wood . . . 
Average 


54.7'o 
12,015 
10,102 
11,992 

35.492 

21,847 

2,978 

38,701 

16,774 

7,912 

29,572 

34.981 
18,642 

8,773 
19.874 
35.106 

37.914 
10,932 
36,580 
40,966 
2.845 
35.170 

45.493 
14,023 

35.712 
41-781 

1.292 
39.932 

8,142 

25-987 
39-852 
33.578 
16,458 
27,820 
24,332 


4,886 
4,654 
4.558 
5,669 
4.489 
4.895 
4.893 
5.227 
5-472 
4.385 
4,764 
4,935 
4,547 
4,939 
5.474 
4.477 
5.278 
4.777 
4.850 
4,864 

4-757 
5-029 

5.257 
5,018 

4.425 
4-439 
4,679 
5,523 
4,687 
5.472 
6,092 
5,031 
4,704 
5,303 
4,875 




Ashland . 










Barron 






Bayfield . 






Brown 






Buffalo . 






Burnett . 






Calumet . 






Chippewa 






Clark . . 






Columbia . 






Crawford . 






Dane . . 






Dodge 






Door . . 






Douglas . 






Dunn . . 






Eau Claire 






Florence . 






Fond du Lac 






Forest 






Grant . . 






Green 






Green Lake 






Iowa . . 






Iron . . 






Jackson . 






Jefferson . 






Juneau 






Kenosha . 






Kewaunee 






La Crosse 






Lafayette . 






Langlade . 






Lincoln 






Manitowoc 




►4,926 








— I 











1. The 



Problems 
milk cows in my county, averaging 



pounds of 



milk each per year, produce a total of 



pounds of milk during one year. 

(Put this total in the proper space in the tabulation above.) 

2. There are . people in my county (see pages 60 and 6\). If a quart of milk weighs 

about two pounds, and the milk produced by the cows of my county were evenly divided among the 
people in my county, my share would be about quarts per year, or per day. 



SCALE OF MILES 



12 24 36 48 «0 




GAMES 

HUNT AND FIND 

1. If you were to go due west from Eau Claire, Wisconsin, to western South Dakota in the spring, 
what would you find the farmers doing ? 

2. What fruit would you find being gathered in the fall in eastern Washington if you traveled there 
directly west from Superior, Wisconsin ? 

3. What are the occupations of the people who live in western Oregon directly west of Milwaukee. 
Wisconsin ? 

4. What do the people who live in eastern Oregon directly west of Wausau, Wisconsin, do for a 
living ? 

5. What fruits are raised in western New York directly east of Madison, Wisconsin ? 

6. If you traveled east from Portage, Wisconsin, what minerals would you find being quarried in 
the states of Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine ? 

7. What are the chief crops in Louisiana directly south of Ashland, Wisconsin ? 

8. What are the occupations of the people of Missouri directly south of Superior, Wisconsin ? 

9. What are the important farm crops in eastern Michigan directly east of Port Washington, 
Wisconsin ? 

10. If you crossed Lake Michigan in the autumn from any lake port in Wisconsin between Sheboy- 
gan and Racine, what fruits would you find the people gathering in the state of Michigan ? 
.11. What important mineral product is found in Illinois that is not found in Wisconsin ? 

12. What mineral is found in the upper peninsula of Michigan that is not found in Wisconsin ? 

13. What mineral is found in Minnesota directly north of Superior, Wisconsin ? Is this mineral found 
anywhere in Wisconsin ? 

CAN YOU TAKE THESE JOURNEYS ALONE? 

Journey I 

Go due east from Oshkosh. Cross a lake lying wholly in Wisconsin (Lake ), 

a part of the state of Wisconsin, one of the Great Lakes (Lake ), the state of 

., Bay, another of the Great Lakes (Lake ) 

a Canadian province ( ), still another of the Great Lakes (Lake ) 

a range of low mountains (the . Mountains), in the state of 



just between two small lakes (Lake .. . and Lake ) 

across another range of low mountains (the Mountains) in the state of 

then across the southern part of the state of — . out into the —^ — 

Ocean at 



Journey II 
Go 1 5 degrees, or about miles straight south from Wausau, crossing the states of 



., and — , and find yourself a little distance 



east of the most important seaport on the Gulf of , the city of 

On your journey you crossed the largest river in the United States (the River), 

twice. You passed near the following state capitals : of , 

. of , and of 



WISCONSIN'S WEALTH BENEATH ITS SOILS 

Socialized Recitations 

Your "family" name is yours by inheritance. Your "given" name is probably in honor of some 
relative or other person for whom your parents had high regard or special respect. Ask your parents 
whv they selected your given name. 

r. IRON ORE 

Just as there are reasons for the names of people, so there are reasons for geographical names. The 
name of Wisconsin means "the Gathering of the Waters." Do you know the reason for the name of 
your township, village, or city .' Do you know the reason for any other geographical names in Wisconsin ? 

Some places in Wisconsin were named by their settlers from the mineral resources found there. Iron 
County was so called because of its iron ore. Point out on the wall map of the state the county seat 
of Iron County. Point to Iron Belt. 

Locate Iron Mountain in Michigan. Look toward the northwest in Wisconsin and find on the map 
I'lorence and Commonwealth in Florence County. There are iron mines near both of these places. 

What is the color of rusty iron ? W^hat makes iron rust ? Is there an iron fire escape on your build- 
ing ? Why should it be kept well painted ? All the streams of water in the locality of iron mines are 
rusty in appearance. Why is this so .' 

Locate Iron Ridge and Iron Mountain in Dodge County. What is a smelter ? There are iron smelters 
at Milwaukee, Mayville, Superior, and Ashland. What other mineral besides iron is used in an iron 
smelter ? What is pig iron .' Where in Sauk County is iron found ? 

See if you can find a picture of the great ore docks at Ashland and Superior. Much iron ore is 
shipped from these ports to Gary, Indiana, and to Cleveland, Ohio. Can you trace the water routes over 
which these shipments go .■" Why is this ore not smelted in Wisconsin .-' 

What is the difference between cast iron and malleable iron ? Which kind is used in your school 
desks ? Which kind is used in making tires for wagon wheels .-' What is steel ? A branch of the Illinois 
Steel Works is located in Milwaukee. 

II. LEAD AND ZINC 

There is a town in Lafayette County called Leadmine. Why do you suppose that the town was given 
this name .'' Today the chief lead and zinc mines are near Platteville, Cuba, Highland, Hazel Green, Ben- 
ton, Shullsburg, Livingston, Linden, Mifiiin, and Montfort. Show in what part of Wisconsin these towns 
are located. What uses are made of lead and zinc ? How do plumbers and gas fitters use lead in their 
work ? There are thousands of miles of lead pipes under the streets of cities and on the beds of oceans. 
What is inclosed in these pipes .-' Explain how cities which are separated by oceans can be connected 
with one another. Give some examples of such cities. Zinc is used in the manufacture of electric batteries. 
Sulphuric acid is made in the zinc smelter at Mineral Point. Locate this city on the map. 

III. CLAY PRODUCTS 

Milwaukee is called the " Cream City " because of the color of the brick made from deposits of clay in 
and near it. The bricks made from the clay deposits near Menomonie are of a red color. Half of the 
brick made in Wisconsin comes from these two localities. Most of the clay from which bricks are made 
was formed as fine sediment laid down in the bottoms of lakes which have since disappeared. 

Bricks are also manufactured at Green Bay, De Pere, Manitowoc, Sheboygan, Sheboygan Falls, Port 
Washington, Burlington, Watertown, Madison, and New London. Point to these places on the map. 

23 vv 



WISCONSIN'S WEALTH BENEATH ITS SOILS 

What is a brick kiln ? Can you describe the process of manufacturing brick ? Do you know of any 
building constructed of brick? Can you find out where the bricks came from and their cost per looo? 
How many bricks can a bricklayer '" lay " in a day ? What is a brick-veneer house ? What are the dimen- 
sions of a common brick ? How much does one weigh ? 

IV. LIMESTONE AND SANDSTONE 

One third of the rock beneath the soil of Wisconsin is limestone. Years ago much limestone was 
used as building material. Do you know of any building in your locality made of limestone ? If so, can 
you find out the date of its construction ? 

At the present time limestone is used for road-building, for making concrete, and for lime. Lime- 
stone for road-building and for concrete is quarried at Waukesha, Milwaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, and 
Fond du Lac. Point to these places on the map. Do you know of any highway in your locality in the 
construction of which limestone was used ? What is the difference between a macadam road and a con- 
crete road .' Do you know of any building made of concrete ? Did you ever see a concrete-mixer in use .' 
Can you describe how concrete is made ? If you have ever seen a building being erected of concrete, tell 
what you can about the way it was constructed. Did you ever see a bridge, a viaduct, or a culvert made 
of concrete .' Is concrete used in any way on any farm that you know about .' 

There are lime kilns at Waukesha, Racine, Milwaukee, Brillion, Peebles, Lannon, Eden, Hayton, 
Richfield, Oshkosh, Valders, Grimms, Mayville, and Sturgeon Bay. Can you show the location of these 
places on the map .'' How is lime made at a lime kiln .■' What is mortar ? Look at a brick building 
and see whether you can find any mortar. What is it used for .■' Is there any lime in the plaster on the 
walls and ceiling of your schoolroom ? What is beneath this plaster .■' What is mixed with the sand or 
gravel and limestone in making concrete that is not mixed with the lime and sand in making mortar ? 



Sandstone is used to some extent as building material. Lake Superior sandstone quarried near Bay- 
field has been used in a number of places in Wisconsin and in other states. There is a quarry near 
Madison and one at Colfax. The law-school building of the University of Wisconsin is built of Lake 
Superior sandstone. 

V. GRANITE 

One of the points of interest visited by tourists in the city of New York is the tomb of a president of 
the United States. This mausoleum is on Riverside Drive. Inclosed in a magnificent sarcophagus hewTi 
from a solid block of Wisconsin granite lo ft. 6 in. by 5 ft. 6 in. by 4 ft. 10 in. lies the body of Presi- 
dent Ul)'sses S. Grant. What else can you tell about this great American .'' 

The block of granite mentioned in the preceding paragraph was quarried at Montello. Show on the 
map the location of Montello. 

Brigadier General Edward S. Bragg of Fond du Lac was commander of the Iron Brigade in the Civil 
War. Many of the regiments of this famous brigade were composed of Wisconsin soldiers. Today in the 
National Cemetery at Gettysburg, commemorating the heroism of the Iron Brigade, stand two monuments. 
One is hewn from Montello granite and the other from beautiful Berlin rhyolite. Locate Berlin on the 
map. What can you tell about the battle of Gettysburg .' 

Monuments of Montello and Waupaca granite have been erected on the Chickamauga battlefield to 
the memory of Wisconsin soldiers. Locate Waupaca. Can you tell something of interest about the 
battle of Chickamauga .' 

w 24 



WISCONSIN'S WEALTH BENEATH ITS SOILS ,. 

Montello granite was used for monuments erected at Vicksburg to show the locations of Wisconsin 
regiments and batteries. Can you tell something about the battles around Vicksburg ? 

Wisconsin's beautiful capitol is built of white Vermont granite, but its interior finish is in highly 
polished limestone, marble, and granite. All this granite, with the exception of sixteen piers supporting 
the circular gallery in the rotunda, comes from Wisconsin quarries in Marquette, Marathon, Waupaca, and 
Marinette counties. Locate Amberg and Athelstane in Marinette County ; Wausau and Granite Heights 
in Marathon County. 

Redgranite in Waushara County is the center of the granite paving-block industry of the United 
States. Why is granite well suited for this purpose ? Do you know of uses of granite for monumental, 
paving, or building purposes in your locality ? 

VI. MINERAL WATER 

Where does your drinking water come from ? Do you have to pay for it ? What is the difference 
between hard water and soft water ? Have you ever seen drinking water for sale in bottles or jugs ? 
Six million, two hundred and ninety-six thousand, six, hundred and thirty-four gallons of Wisconsin 
mineral water were sold in a single year for ^1,362,498. 

There are over forty mineral-water springs in Wisconsin from which water is sold. One third of them 
are located in Waukesha. Do you know the names of any of these mineral waters .' If not, ask your 
druggist or grocer or whoever has mineral water for sale in your locality. At the same time find out what 
distilled water is and for what it is used. Do you know what carbonated water is ? 

Mineral-spring water is sold at Sheboygan, Prairie du Chien, Green Bay, Oconto, Ashland, Osceola, 
Madison, Chippewa Falls, Waupaca, Darlington, Oshkosh, Palmyra, Wauwatosa, Lake Geneva, Solon 
Springs, Menomonee Falls, and Wausau. See how many of these places you can find on the map. 

What is an artesian well .'' Why do health authorities advise people whose water supply is from shallow 
wells, lakes, or rivers to boil the water before using it for drinking .? 



THE OFFICIAL SEAL OF THE BADGER STATE 

Project 

Sketch the Great Seal of Wisconsin in the circle at the right and then explain the significance of the 
Seal in the space at the left. Consult reference books in yorir school library. 




55 



MANY PEOPLE RIDE ON THE "BROOMSTICK TRAIN" 

(Consult a large map of Wisconsin) 

Note. Teacher will read to pupils "The Broomstick Train, or The Return of the Witches," by Oliver Wendell Holmes. 

As cities increase in population and expand in area, street-car lines are built to carry people from one 
part of the city to another. The street cars are propelled by electricity. Show the location of each of the 
following cities by a dot and print its name on the map on the opposite page. These cities have local street- 
car lines. Cities where local service is furnished by interurban electric lines are not included in this list. 

CITIES 



Appleton 


Fond du Lac 


La Crosse 


Merrill 


Sheboygan 


Ashland 


Green Bay 


Madison 


Milwaukee 


Superior 


Beloit 


Janesville 


Manitowoc 


Oshkosh 


Waupaca 


Eau Claire 


Kenosha 


Marinette 


Racine 


VVausau 



Interurban electric-car lines connect many places in Wisconsin. .Some interurban lines extend beyond 
the boundaries of Wisconsin into adjoining states. Running out of Milwaukee are nearly 300 miles of 
electrically operated railways. 

Project. Let us ride on some of Wisconsin's electric interurban railways. Locate and connect by lines 
OH the map on the opposite page the cities that yon care to visit. 



Trip No. 1 : Milwaukee — >■ 
Trip No. 2 : Milwaukee — ► 
Trip No. 3 : Milwaukee — ► 
Trip No. 4 : Milwaukee — ► 
Trip No. 5 : Milwaukee — ► 
Trip No. 6 : Milwaukee — *■ 
Trip No. 7 : Milwaukee — >■ 
Trip No. 8 : Milwaukee — ► 
Trip No. 9 : Milwaukee — »- 
Trip No. 10 : Sheboygan — ! 
Trip No. 11: Manitowoc — 
Trip No. 12 : Janesville — >- 
Trip No. 13 : La Crosse — ► 
Trip No. 14 : Eau Claire — ! 
Trip No. 15 : Fond du Lac 
Appleton — 
Trip No. 16 : Green Bay — i 
Trip No. 17: Williams Bay 
Trip No. 18 : Oshkosh —*■ 



South Milwaukee 


— ► Racine — 


-► Kenosha. 


*■ Mukwonago — ! 


►■ Burlington. 




■>■ Waukesha — ► 


Oconomowoc 


— ► Watertown. 



Cudahy — i 

Waterford 

East Troy. 

West Allis 

Wauwatosa. 

North Milwaukee. 

Shorewood — ► Whitefish Bay — >• Fox Point. 

Cedarburg — ► Port Washington — ► Sheboygan. 

Racine — ► Kenosha — >■ Zion City — ► Waukegan — ► Evanston 

- Kohler — y .Sheboygan Falls — ► Plymouth — ► Elkhart Lake. 
•- Two Rivers. 

Beloit —*■ Rockford. 
Onalaska. 

- Chippewa Falls. 

— ► North Fond du Lac — >■ Oshkosh — ► Neenah — >■ Menasha 
>■ West De Pere — y Green Bay. 

- De Pere. 

— y Walworth — >• Harvard. 
Omro. 



Chicago. 



Trip No. 19 : Wisconsin Rapids —y Port Edwards —y Nekoosa. 

Trip No. 20 : Wausau — ► Schofield — >■ Rothschild. 

Trip No. 21 : Superior —y Duluth. 

Trip No. 22 : Waupaca — y Farmington. 

Trip No. 23 : Marinette — y Menominee. 

Trip No. 24 : Eau Claire — ► Altoona. 

26 



WISCONSIN IS A LEADING CANNING STATE 

Problem Study 

(Refer to a large map of Wisconsin) 

The following list shows by means of letters the products that are canned at different places in Wis- 
consin.* Locate on the map on the opposite page, by putting a dot (•) on the place where the industry is 
being carried on, any of the canning industries of Wisconsin that your teacher suggests. 



Ashland 

Ashland m 

iVIarengo B Q e i j 
Barron 

Barron B 

Chetek A B Q 

Cumberland B 

Rice Lake B 

Turtle Lake B E i r 
Brown 

Denmark m 

Green Bay BKQCIMinrt 
Buffalo 

Mondovi AE 
Calumet 

Chilton B m 
ipUndas ABE 

iNew Holstein B 
Chippewa 

Bloomer B m 

Chippewa Falls A B 

Holcombe A B 

Stanley B K Q 
Clark 

Greenwood ABEFJQir 

Humbird B 

Neillsville A B E K Q m 

Owen B K Q 
Columbia 

Cambria B 

Columbus A B F 

Fall River B J N <? 

Lodi A Q m 

Pardeeville A E Q 
Crawford 

Prairie du Chien C K 
Dane 

Belleville m 

De Forest A B 

Madison m 

Middleton m 

Stoughton m 

Sun Prairie AB 
Dodge 

Astico A B 

Beaver Dam B 

Fox Lake K B m 

Horicon A B F 

Hustisford A B 

Iron Ridge B J Q 

Juneau A B F 

Lonura B 



Dodge (continued) 

Lowell B 

Mayville B 

Randolph A B 

South Beaver Dam AB 

Theresa B K m 

Waupun A B K m 
Door 

Sawyer B i m 

Sturgeon Bay D b e i y 
Dunn 

Menomonie m 
Eau Claire 

Augusta A B 

Eau Claire BEMAFIKN im 

Fairchild B 
Fond du Lac 

Brandon B 

Fair Water B 

Fond du Lac m 

Mount Calvary B 

Oakfield B 

Ripon B 
Grant 

Cassville K B A 

Lancaster A B 
Green 

Albany B m 

Monroe m 

New Glarus m 
Green Lake 

Berlin m 

Markesan B 
Jackson 

Black River Falls B 
Jefferson 

Fort Atkinson A B 

Jefferson A B m 

Johnson Creek m 

Lake Mills B m 

Sullivan m 

Waterloo A B 

Watertown B i m 
Kewaunee 

Algoma B m i 
La Crosse 

Bangor A B 

Holmen B 

Onalaska A B K i 

West Salem B 
Langlade 

Antigo A B E Q 



Lincoln 

Merrill B 
Jifanitowoc 

Manitowoc B E i r 

Reedsville B 

St. Nazianz B 

Two Rivers B E i r 

Valders B m 
Marathon 

Colby B 

Knowlton B 

Wausau B Q 
Afonroe 

Cashton m 

Sparta M 
Oconto 

Gillett B E Q 

Oconto Falls A E Q 
Outagamie 

Hortonville C E 

Seymour C E K Q 
Ozaukee 

Belgium A B E Q 

Cedarburg B 

Fredonia B E 

Knellsville BE 

Port Washington B E 

Saukville A B 

Thiensville B 
Pepin 

Durand B 
Polk 

Amery B E i r 

Clear Lake B 
Racine 

Burlington m 

Franksville K Q j 

Racine E K 

Union Grove K 
Richland 

Richland Center m 
Rock 

Beloit m 

Evansville A B 

Footville m 

Janesville A B K 
Rusk 

Ladysmith B 
Sauk 

Baraboo A B 

North Freedom AB 

Reedsburg A B m 



Sauk (continued) 

Sauk City A B 
Shawano 

Shawano A E Q 
Sheboygan 

Adell B 

Cedar Grove ABE 

Elkhart Lake B 

Glenbeulah B 

Oostburg A B m 

Plymouth B 

Sheboygan B E i r m 

Sheboygan Falls B 

Waldo B 
Trempealeau 

Blair B 

Galesville A B 

Osseo B m 
Vertion 

Hillsboro m 
Walworth 

Darien E m 

Delavan m 

East Troy m 

Elkhorn B m 

Genoa Junction m 

Sharon K m 

Walworth X m 

Whitewater A B K m 
\V 'ashint^ton 

Allenton m 

Hartford B E Q 

Jackson B 

Rockfield B 

South Germantown B Q m 

West Bend B E m 
Waukesha 

Merton B m 

North Prairie m 

Oconomowoc B m 

Templeton B 
Waupaca 

Clintonville K 

New London K Q m 
li 'innebago 

Eureka B E 

Winneconne B E 
Wood 

Marshfield K m 



* Key {National Catiners' Association) : A, corn ; B, peas ; C, tomatoes ; D, apples ; E, green beans ; F, pumpkin and squash ; 
I, hominy; J, lima beans; K, kraut; M, meat; N, succotash; Q, beets; X. preserves; b, cherries; e, berries; j, spinach; i, pork 
and beans ; m, milk ; n, soups ; r, red kidney beans ; t, catsup and chili sauce ; y, okra and okra and tomatoes. 

28 w 



WISCONSIN LEADS IN CANNING PEAS 



The number of cases of peas canned in the United States during a recent year, and the leading states 
in this industry, are given below. 



Project. Complete the graph. 



ScALK : 500,000 cases 



Stati: 



Cases 



1. Wisconsin 

2. New York 

3. Maryland . 

4. Utah , . 



5. Michigan . 

6. All others 



5,804,000 

2,381,000 

696,000 

595,000 

549,000 

2,292,000 







W^'VT' 



Project. Ask your grocer for the following inforfnation : 



Brands of Peas he handles 


Canned at 


Number of Cans 
IN A Case 


Selling Price 
PER Can 


I. 








2. 








3- 


, 






4- 









Brands of Corn he handles 


Canned at 


Number of Cans 
in a Case 


Selling Price 
PER Can 


I. 








2. 








3- 








4- 









30 



WISCONSIN'S MANUFACTURED ARTICLES ARE SENT TO MANY 

PARTS OF THE WORLD 

Problem Study 

Many magazines and other periodicals circulate through all parts of the United States. The selling 
price of these publications is often less than it costs to produce them. The publishers make up for 
their publication losses by selling advertising space in their magazines or periodicals. 

Manufacturers pay the publishers for these advertisements. This is one way they have of letting 
people know what they are making. Manufacturers believe that people will buy their goods if they know 
about them, and so they advertise their goods in periodicals read by thousands of people. 

In a recent issue of a periodical of national circulation, there were more advertisements of Wisconsin- 
made goods than of goods made in any other state. 

IT PAYS TO ADVERTISE 

A manufacturer who is selling one hundred articles in a day finds that in order to make a profit of $ i 
on each article its selling price must be $$. If he could sell two hundred of this article at the same 
price, what would his daily profit be.' Would it pay him to spend ;^io per day for advertising if by 
so doing he could double his sales ? How much would the advertising add to the cost of each article ? 

This manufacturer is satisfied, however, with an increased net profit of $40 a day due to the doubling 
of his sales. What may he fix, therefore, as the selling price of each article .' How does the selling price 
of the advertised article compare with the selling price of the unadvertised article .' 

Project. Look at the advertisements of Wisconsin manufactures in magazines and journals that 
you have at home or at school and summarise belozv what you discover. 







3- 
4- 
5- 
6. 

I. 
2. 
3- 
4- 

5- 
6. 

.7. 


Articles 


Made 
Citv 


IN 
JF 


Name of 
Publication 




Articles 

• 


Made in 
City of 


Name of 
publicatiom 










7.. 


Art 


ICLES 






3 

4- 

5. 
















Published in 


State 




Published in 














6. 
.7- 

Articles 

1. 




City 


state 






City 

Name of 
Publication 






Made 
City 


IN 

OF 


Made in 
City of 


Name of 
Publication 










-> 











3- 

4- 

5 

6. 

.7- 














Published in 


State 




Published in 




















City 


State 






City 





31 



SOME ARTICLES MANUFACTURED IN WISCONSIN CITIES 

(The numeral indicates the number of people employed in a recent year in each industry) 



Automobiles (5000) 


Milwaukee 


Milwaukee 


Engines (14,000) 


Hartford 


New London 


Plymouth 


Algoma 


Kenosha 
Milwaukee 


Shawano 
Sheboygan Falls 


Coats (2000) 


Appleton 
Beloit 


Racine 


Watertown 


Appleton 


Cudahy 




Wausau 


Berlin 


Evansville 


Automobile Bodies (1300) 




Burlington 


Green Bay 
Madison 


Appleton 


Brooms (125) 


Green Bay 


Milwaukee 


La Crosse 


Milwaukee 


Manitowoc 


North Milwaukee 


Milwaukee 


Oshkosh 


Marshfield 


Oshkosh 


Sheboygan 


Plymouth 


Menasha 


Racine 


Sparta 


Concrete Mixers (1200) 


Milwaukee 


Automobile Tires (2000) 


Wausau 


Albany 


New Holstein 


Chippewa Falls 
Cudahy 
Eau Claire 


Candy (2500) 


Eau Claire 
Madison 


Oshkosh 

Port Washington 


Eau Claire 


Milwaukee 


Racine 


Milwaukee 


Fond du Lac 


Oshkosh 


Sheboygan Falls 


Racine 


Green Bay 




Two Rivers 


La Crosse 


Cooking Utensils (2000) 


West AlUs 


Biscuits (1000) 


Madison 


Manitowoc 




Milwaukee 


Merrill 


Milwaukee 


Excelsior (300) 




Milwaukee 


Plymouth 


Edgar 


Blankets (500) 


Oshkosh 


Racine 


Green Bay 


Appleton 


Racine 


Two Rivers 


Marinette 


Burlington 


Wausau 


West Bend 


Marshfield 


Cedarburg 






Merrill 


Chippewa Falls 


Chains (1500) 


Com Buskers (200) 


Oshkosh 


Fond du Lac 


Milwaukee 


Fredonia 


Richland Center 


West Bend 


Racine 


West Allis 


Sheboygan 




South Milwaukee 


West Bend 


Wausau 


Boots (2000) 








Berlin 
La Crosse 


Chairs (3000) 


Cotton Gloves (1000) 

Marshfield 


Flour (500) 


Milwaukee 


Appleton 


Milwaukee 


De Pere 


Watertown 


Jefferson 
Milwaukee 


Plymouth 


Green Bay 
Janesville 


Brass -Band Instruments 


Oshkosh 


Crushers (1000) 


La Crosse 


(150) 


Plymouth 


Cudahy 


Marinette 


Elkhom 


Port Washington 


Milwaukee 


Marshfield 




Racine 




Milwaukee 


Bread (400) 


Sheboygan 


Desks (300) 


Portage 


Eau Claire 


Sheboygan Falls 


Algoma 


Watertown 


La Crosse 


Wausau 


Fond du Lac 


Wausau 


Milwaukee 


Church Furniture (600) 


Oshkosh 


Wisconsin Rapids 


Brick (600) 


Fond du Lac 


Dresses (250) 


Forgings (2500) 


De Pere 


Kewaunee 


Beaver Dam 


Cudahy 


Eau Claire 


La Crosse 


Berlin 


Milwaukee 


Green Bay 


Manitowoc 


La Crosse 


Oshkosh 


Janesville 


Waukesha 


Milwaukee 


Sparta 


Jefferson 




Electric Devices (1500) 


West Allis 


La Crosse 


Cloth Jackets (250) 


Al4il^vml1f pp 




Madison 


Beaver Dam 


i*i. i 1 W d U IvCC 


Fountain Pens (500) 


Manitowoc 


Fond du Lac 


Elevators (1000) 


Janesville 


Marshfield 


La Crosse 


Milwaukee 


Whitewater 



32 



Furnaces (700) 

Appleton 
Fond du Lac 
Milwaukee 
North Milwaukee 

Furniture (2700) 

Appleton 

Fort Atkinson 

Kenosha 

Kiel 

Madison 

Manitowoc 

Marshfield 

Milwaukee 

Neenah 

Plymouth 

Sheboygan 

Stevens Point 

Two Rivers 

Glue (400) 

CarroUville 

Grain PriUs (300) 

Horicon 

Grass Rugs and Matting 
(500) 

Green Bay 
Oshkosh 

Grinders (1800) 
Beloit 
Eau Claire 
Madison 
Milwaukee 
Oshkosh 
Racine 

Harness (1300) 

Eau Claire 

Green Bay 

Kenosha 

Milwaukee 

Plymouth 

Racine 

Sheboygan Falls 

Harrows (900) 

Janesville 

Jefferson 

Madison 

Racine 

Waukesha 

Horse Collars (400) 

Eau Claire 
Green Bay 
w 



Milwaukee 
Plymouth 

Hosiery (2500) 

Appleton 

Beaver Dam 

Fort Atkinson 

Kenosha 

Merrill 

Milwaukee 

Portage 

Racine 

Ripon 

Two Rivers 

Waupun 

Iron Castings (3000) 

Beaver Dam 

Beloit 

Brillion 

Cedarburg 

Grafton 

Green Bay 

La Crosse 

Manitowoc 

Marinette 

Merrill 

Neenah 

Oshkosh 

Plymouth 

Racine 

South Milwaukee 

Waukesha 

Wauwatosa 

West AUis 

Lavatories (800) 

Kohler 

Leather (6000) 
Cudahy 
Fond du Lac 
Kenosha 
Milwaukee 
Racine 
Sheboygan 
Tomahawk 
Wauwatosa 

Leather Bags and 
Suitcases (1000) 
Eau Claire 
Milwaukee 
Neenah 
Oshkosh 
Racine 

Sheboygan Falls 
West Bend 



Leather Gloves (5000) 

Appleton 

Berlin 

Chippewa Falls 

Cudahy 

Green Bay 

La Crosse 

Manitowoc 

Milwaukee 

Plymouth 

Ripon 

Sheboygan 

Locomotives (1000) 

Milwaukee 

Lumber (10,000) 

Antigo 

Eau Claire 

Elcho 

Goodman 

Green Bay 

Marinette 

Marshfield 

Medford 

Merrill 

Milwaukee 

New London 

Oconto 

Oshkosh 

Owen 

Rib Lake 

Stanley 

Tigerton 

Tomahawk 

Wausau 

Westboro 

Wisconsin Rapids 

Machinery (3500) 

Beloit 

Madison 

Milwaukee 

North Milwaukee 

Racine 

South Milwaukee 

Mackinaws (500) 

Green Bay 
Milwaukee 
Plymouth 
Sheboygan Falls 

Meats (1500) 

Cudahy 
Jefferson 

Milwaukee 

Milk Cans (600) 
Belleville 

33 



Fond du Lac 

Milwaukee 

Monuments (250) 
Appleton 
La Crosse 
Milwaukee 
Portage 
Wausau 

Motors (3000) 

Milwaukee 
Racine 
Wausau 
West AUis 

Motor Cycles (1500) 

Milwaukee 

OU Heaters (500) 

Milwaukee 

Overalls (800) 

Beaver Dam 
Beloit 
Eau Claire 
Fond du Lac 
Green Bay 
Janesville 
La Crosse 
Milwaukee 
Oshkosh 
Plymouth 

Paper (4500) 

Appleton 

Green Bay 

Kaukauna 

Menasha 

Neenah 

Port Edwards 

Rhinelander 

Stevens Point 

Wausau 

Wisconsin Rapids 

Paper Boxes (1200) 
Chippewa Falls 
Fond du Lac 
Janesville 
La Crosse 
Manitowoc 
Milwaukee 
Oshkosh 
Racine 
Sheboygan 
Watertown 
Waukesha 



Pearl Buttons (200) 
La Crosse 
Prairie du Chien 

Plows (1200) 

Janesville 

La Crosse 

Madison 

Plytnoutii 

Racine 

Waukesha 

Pumps (600) 
Appleton 
Heloit 

Chippewa Falls 
Evansville 
Kewaunee 
Milwaukee 
Oshkosh 
Waupun 

Rubber Goods (1800) 
Cudahy 

Sash and Doors (2000) 

Chippewa Falls 

Eau Claire 

Green Bay 

Janesville 

Kaukauna 

Madison 

Marinette 

Merrill 

Milwaukee 

Neenah 

Oshkosh 

Racine 

Stevens Point 

Wausau 

Wisconsin Rapids 

Sausage (350) 
Fort Atkinson 
La Crosse 
Milwaukee 

Sawmill Machinery (800) 

Eau Claire 

Manitowoc 

Milwaukee 

Oshkosh 

Racine 

Shingles (400) 
Bowler 
Cecil 
Elcho 
Marinette 
Medford 



Shoes (8500) 

Beloit 

Chippewa Falls 

Eau Claire 

Jefferson 

La Crosse 

Menasha 

Milwaukee 

Neenah 

Racine 

Sheboygan 

Tomahawk 

Watertown 

Waupun 

Silk Gloves and Hosiery 
(2200) 

Milwaukee 

SUos (200) 
Beaver Dam 
Racine 
Reeds ville 
Sheboygan Falls 
Tomah 
West Bend 

Sleds (1200) 
Appleton 
Fond du Lac 
Sheboygan 
Stoughton 

Soap (1000) 

Milwaukee 

Socks (800) 

Appleton 
Beaver Dam 
Beriin 
Hartford 
La Crosse 
Waupun 

Steel Beds (2500) 

Kenosha 

Steel Cases (500) 
Milwaukee 

Steel Ranges (600) 
Beaver Dam 
Grafton 
Milwaukee 
North Milwaukee 

Stores (1400) 

Cedar Grove 

Milwaukee 

Neenah 



Straw Hats (250) 

Milwaukee 

Sugar (500) 

Chippewa Falls 
Janesville 
Madison 
Menomonee Falls 

Sweaters (2500) 

Delavan 

Kenosha 

Manitowoc 

Marinette 

Merrill 

Milwaukee 

Neenah 

Plymouth 

Trartors (5000) 

Appleton 

Beaver Dam 

Berlin 

Brillion 

Clintonville 

Janesville 

La Crosse 

New Holstein 

Oshkosh 

Port Washington 

Racine 

Sauk City 

Trucks (5000) 

Appleton 

Beloit 

Clintonville 

Fond du Lac 

Hartford 

Kenosha 

La Crosse 

Menasha 

Milwaukee 

Oshkosh 

Racine 

Stoughton 

West AUis 

Velocipedes (350) 
Sheboygan 

Wagons (1800) 

Fond du Lac 
Janesville 
Jefferson 
Kenosha 
La Crosse 



Oshkosh 
Randolph 
Sheboygan 
Sheboygan Falls 
Stoughton 
Wisconsin Rapids 

Windmills (300) 

Beloit 
Evansville 
Horicon 
Waupun 

Wire (250) 

Appleton 
Menasha 
Milwaukee 

Wood Panels (1000) 

Marshfield 
New London 
Two Rivers 

Wooden Boxes (4000) 

Appleton 

Chippewa Falls 

Colby 

Eau Claire 

Green Bay 

Manitowoc 

Marinette 

Milwaukee 

New London 

Oshkosh 

Stanley 

Stevens Point 

Wausau 

Withee 

Woolen (Joods (400) 

Baraboo 
Portage 
Reedsbuig 

Yam (200) 

Cedarburg 

Chippewa Falls 

Grafton 

Jefferson 

Merrill 

Onalaska 

Yeast (100) 
Cudahy 

Manitowoc 
Milwaukee 



34 



w 



WISCONSIN CITIES ARE BEEHIVES OF INDUSTRY 



Project. Select six Wisconsin cities ; take those about which you say to yourself, "/ wonder what 

the people are doing for a living in the city of " Print neatly the names of the cities 

yon choose at the left of the braces on this page. Then print carefully the names of the articles manu- 
factured in the cities you have selected. For the information you need refer to pages J2, JJ, and J^f in 
this book, to any other book you can find on industrial Wisconsin, and to your own knowledge. 



Articles Made 



Articles Made 



(City) 



(City) 



Articles Made 



Articles Made 



(City) 



(City) 



Articles Made 



Articles Made 



(City) 



(City) 



35 



POTATO CROP BY COUNTIES 

3^" (Five-year-period averages) 

Project. Oil the map on the opposite page place one dot (•) in each cotmty for every 200 acres of 
potatoes. When yon have completed your work compare it with the maps made by others. 



County 


Acreage 

USED FOR 

Potatoes 


Bushels 

PER 

Acre 


Farm Price 
PER Bu. Dec. 1 
OF Recent Yr. 


An Acre of 
THIS Crop 
IS Worth 


County 


Acreage 

USED FOR 

Potatoes 


Bushels 

PER 

Acre 


Farm Price 
PER Bu.Dec. j 
ofKecentVr. 


An Acre of 
this Crop 
is Worth 


Adams . . . 


8,807 
1.066 

1 1 .404 
2,092 
3,526 
1,455 
4-848 
710 

11,305 

2,813 

7-923 
.,.61 

4-298 
3-973 
2-443 
1-831 
6,452 
3-397 

550 
4,200 
1,170 
2,850 
1,160 
2,040 
1,044 

644 
2,444 
1,590 
7,171 
1,814 
1,209 
1,960 
1,162 

3,435 
2,230 
2,112 


67 
110 

107 
107 

97 
87 
96 
81 
105 
103 
78 
80 
76 

89 

100 

109 
94 
87 

115 
83 

121 

78 
75 
83 
84 
115 
94 
87 
86 
68 

95 

88 

72 
127 
115 

92 


$1.01 

1. 00 
.96 

1.03 

'•"3 

1.02 

•94 
1. 16 

1. 01 
.96 

105 
1.28 

1-34 
1. 19 
1.05 
[.04 
.98 
1.00 
1.02 

119 

1.00 

'•39 
135 
113 
1.32 
1.06 
1.03 
1.25 
.98 

1-33 
1. 16 
1.17 
1-39 
103 
1.02 
1.20 


; 


Marathon 
Marinette . 
Marquette . 
Milwaukee*. 
Monroe . . 
Oconto . . 
Oneida . . 
Outagamie . 
Ozaukee* 
Pepin . . 
Pierce . . 
Polk . . . 
Portage . . 
Price . . . 
Racine* . . 
Richland* . 
Rock* . . 
Rusk . . . 
St. Croix 
Sauk . . . 
Sawyer . . 
Shawano 
Sheboygan* 
Taylor . . 
Trempealeau 
Vernon . 
Vilas . . . 
Walworth* . 
Washburn . 
Washington 
Waukesha . 
Waupaca 
Waushara . 
Winnebago . 
Wood . . 
Total . . 


7,377 
5,304 
4,770 
6,895 
2,726 
3,641 
3-571 
4-595 
2-470 
582 
1-887 

4-495 
30,253 
2,089 
2,868 
1,061 
3-321 
2,267 
2,392 
7,041 
1,323 
4,957 
2,876 

1,925 

1,631 

1,980 

948 

2,501 

2,819 

5,009 

5,676 

1 8,469 

16,428 

2,692 

4-297 


97 
11 1 

78 

75 

86 

105 

118 

94 
86 

93 

93 

104 

76 

118 

80 

89 

79 

1 1 1 

93 

87 

113 

103 

87 
121 

89 

95 

124 

73 
96 

94 
87 
93 
77 
85 
83 


$0.97 
1.03 
1.02 
1.50 
1.06 
1.08 
1.02 

117 
1.25 
1. 10 
1.06 
1. 01 
1.03 

■95 
1-43 
1.25 
1.28 
1. 01 
1.09 
1.08 
1.00 

•99 
1.28 
1.04 
1.00 
1. 15 
1.07 
1.32 

.98 
1.17 
1.26 
1.07 
1.04 
1.14 

l.OI 


$ 


Ashland . . 






Barron . . . 






Bayfield . . 






Brown . . . 






Buffalo . . . 






Burnett . . 






Calumet* . . 






Chippewa . . 






Clark . . . 






Columbia . 






Crawford* . . 






Dane* . . . 






Dodge . . . 






Door . . . 






Douglas 






Dunn . . . 






Eau Claire 






Florence . . 






Fond du Lac . 






Forest . . . 






Grant* . . . 






Green* . . . 






Green Lake . 






Iowa* . . . 






Iron . . . 






Jackson . . 






Jefferson* . . 






Juneau . . . 






Kenosha* . . 






Kewaunee . . 






La Crosse . . 






Lafayette* . . 






Langlade . . 






Lincoln . . . 






Manitowoc 



















* These counties export no potatoes in carload lots. 



Problems 

1. According to the above data the average annual potato crop of my county is bushels. 

2. The total annual potato acreage of Wisconsin is acres. (Put this amount in the proper 



space above.) 

3. The total land area of my county is 

4. The average farm value of an acre of potatoes in my county is $^ 



acres (see page 44). 



(Put this amount 



in the proper space above.) Discover the same fact for any other counties that your teacher suggests. 

36 w 



12 24 




37 



POTATOES 

Over one third of all the potatoes grown in the United States come from the following states : 
New York Minnesota Wisconsin Michigan Pennsylvania 



YEARLY ACREAGE PLANTED AND NUMBER OF BUSHELS GROWN 
' (Figures based on a recent five-year period) 



Acreage 


State 


Bushels 




New York 


■» 1,188,000 




Minnesota 


27,900,000 


^00.000 


. . Wisconsin . . . 


27,200,000 




Michigan 


2C.QOO.OOO 




Pennsylvania 


23,800,000 







THIS IS THE WAY GRAPHS SHOW THESE FACTS 



Scale : 50,000 acres 



Project. Complete the graph. 



Scale : 5,000,000 bushels 



Acreage 



1 


















State 



NEW YORK 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



MINNESOTA 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



WISCONSIN 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



Bushels 






k 



MICHIGAN 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



PENNSYLVANIA 

Average number of bushels per 
acre - 

38 



POTATO PROBLEMS 

1. The average price of Wisconsin potatoes at the farm during this five-year period was $1.02 per 

bushel. At this price Wisconsin's annual potato crop is worth on an average $ to 

the potato growers. 

2. During the same period farmers in the other states received average prices per bushel as follows : 

New York, $1.27; Minnesota, ;^i.oo; Michigan, ^1.09; Pennsylvania, $1.33. 

At these prices the average annual value of an acre of potatoes to the potato growers in these five 
states is as follows : 

New York, $ ; Minnesota, $ ; Wisconsin, $ .; 

Michigan, $ ; Pennsylvania, $ . 



3. Wisconsin raises an average of bushels of potatoes for each inhabitant (see 1920 

population of Wisconsin on page 61). This number of bushels weighs lb. 

4. My county raises an average of bushels of potatoes for each inhabitant. This is 

bushels -j f^than the average for the state as a whole. (For population of counties 

see pages 60 and 61.) 

5. If 42,000 pounds of potatoes are shipped in one freight car, it would require 

freight cars to carry the average Wisconsin potato crop. 

6. A freight charge of $63 for a carload of potatoes adds cents to the cost of 

a bushel. 

7. When potatoes are shipped in winter the temperature in the freight car must never be allowed to 
go lower than degrees Fahrenheit. 

8. How many bushels of seed potatoes are required to plant one acre .' 

9. What are potato " eyes " } 

10. With what solution should seed potatoes be treated ? What does this prevent ? 

11. What are potato beetles.? What methods are used by potato growers to destroy them } 

12. What is potato blight .' What precautions may be taken to guard against it .' 
w 39 



SHEEP AND SWINE IN WISCONSIN 



Problem Study- 
Project. If yon would like to knozv where the sheep and swine areas in Wisconsin are, you may learn 
from the facts below by putting dots as directed on the map on the opposite page. Select either sheep- 
or swijie for your study. Use a colored pencil if you wish. 

One dot ( • ) for every JOO sheep 
One dot ( • ) for e7'ety lOOO siuine 

(Number on January' i of a recent year) 



County 


Sheep 


Swine 


County 


Sheep 


Swine 


County 


Sheep 


Swine 


Adams . . . 


2,040 


7.551 


Iowa. . . . 


11,405 


64.365 


Portage . . . 


5.434 


18,238 


Ashland 






2,219 


6,370 


Iron . 






940 


1,629 


Price . . . 


10,790 


6,377 


Barron 






18,340 


27.518 


Jackson . 






12,198 


29,662 


Racine . 


5.622 


14,528 


Bayfield . 






7,°SS 


5.840 


Jefferson 






3,153 


24,186 


Richland 


26,375 


56,536 


Brown . . 






1,861 


23,190 


Juneau . 






9,864 


17,072 


Rock . . . 


16,880 


69,980 


Buffalo . . 






20,840 


51.395 


Kenosha 






8,058 


10,139 


Rusk . . . 


4,210 


8,698 


Burnett 






4,210 


7,642 


Kewaunee 






3,328 


25,738 


St. Croix . . 


12,502 


42,167 


Calumet 






2,613 


21,623 


La Crosse 






5.685 


37-248 


Sauk ... 


12,888 


69,420 


Chippewa . 






12,066 


26,915 


Lafayette 






17.370 


90,820 


Sawyer . . . 


1.775 


3.819 


Clark . . 






8,846 


40,450 


Langlade 






4.647 


12,340 


Shawano . . 


10,458 


36,770 


Columbia . 






21,195 


61,768 


Lincoln . 






5,882 


8,340 


Sheboygan . . 


1.372 


44,415 


Crawford . 






10,050 


42,43° 


Manitowoc 






2,989 


42,960 


Taylor . 


4,693 


10,966 


Dane . . 






22,730 


130,660 


Marathon 






17,716 


52,850 


Trempealeau . 


33,100 


39.305 


Dodge 






9.130 


80,240 


Marinette 






1.759 


13,245 


Vernon . . . 


29,400 


41,160 


Door 






2,869 


16,490 


Marquette 






7.024 


15.147 


Vilas. . . . 


341 


1,241 


Douglas 






5,573 


3.687 


Milwaukee 






411 


9,380 


Walworth . . 


19.133 


37-118 


Dunn . . 






18,590 


46,170 


Monroe . 






16,114 


35,110 


Washburn . . 


5.738 


6,650 


Eau Claire 






10,283 


19.434 


Oconto . 






3.496 


21,345 


Washington 


4.755 


34.695 


Florence . 






3,168 


1,198 


Oneida . 






3.038 


3,435 


Waukesha . 


11,720 


16,657 


Fond du Lac 






19,890 


53.342 


Outagamie 






4.232 


38,278 


Waupaca . 


5.656 


27.045 


Forest . . 






•1,377 


3,533 


Ozaukee 






615 


15,604 


Waushara . 


2,810 


12,399 


Grant . . 






33.680 


165,960 


Pepin 






9,620 


14,562 


Winnebago . 


8,900 


23,232 


Green . . 






6,848 
12,920 


76,534 
26,645 


Pierce . 

Polk . . 






25,700 
13,622 


37.756 
27,100 


Wood . . . 
Total . . . 


S.245 


19.765 


Green Lake 







Problems 

1. A bushel of corn fed to a growing pig should add ten pounds to its weight. At the present price 
of hogs (see newspaper market reports), what is the highest price per bushel that a hog-raiser can afford 
to pay for corn.? 

2. At what time of year are sheep sheared in Wisconsin } What should you consider a fair weight 
for the fleece of a two-year old sheep .'' What would such a fleece be worth at the present price of wool .' 
For what other purposes are sheep raised ? 

3. State which of the following are breeds of sheep and which are breeds of hogs : Merino, Berk- 
shire, Rambouillet, Cheshire, Southdown, Duroc, Shropshire, Cotswold, Poland-China, Hampshire, 
Cheviot, Chester White. Select one of these breeds and tell from what part of the world it was imported 
into the United States. 



40 




41 



WISCONSIN HAS MORE SILOS THAN ANY OTHER STATE 

Projects {Select one) 

1. On the opposite page make a silo map, using one dot (•) for every ^O silos. 

2. On the opposite page make a silage map, using one dot (•) for every §000 tons. 







Five-Year Averages 


1 


Five-Year Averages 




Number of 
Silos in a 






County 


IN UMBER OK 
SiLOS IN A 






County 










Rf.centYear 


Com Acreage 
for Silage 


Tors of Silage 




Recent Year 


Com Acreage 
for Silage 


Tons of Silage 


Adams .... 


279 


4,411 


33-437 


Marathon . 


1.593 


6,392 


43.374 


Ashland 








57 


156 


94' 


Marinette . 






732 


4.483 


35,633 


Barron 








1. 781 


11,242 


85,044 


Marquette . 






262 


5.332 


57,656 


Bayfield . 








188 


520 


2,950 


Milwaukee . 






495 


4,817 


37,'5' 


Brown . . 








1,383 


8,271 


76,882 


Monroe . . 






1,372 


'2,335 


91,026 


Buffalo . 








706 


7,014 


56.000 


Oconto . . 






990 


6,465 


55.326 


Burnett . 








681 


5,'43 


37,'93 


Oneida . . 






126 


585 


3.797 


Calumet . 








1,346 


7,7'3 


71.770 


Outagamie . 






2,043 


20,550 


151.990 


Chippewa 








1,489 


12,780 


1 19,120 


Ozaukee 






1,087 


7.774 


68,084 


Clark . . 








2,227 


13,394 


105,234 


Pepin . . 






129 


2.350 


'2,794 


Columbia . 








■.55' 


17,910 


145,441 


Pierce . . 






727 


6,990 


47,467 


Crawford . 








356 


2,276 


17,191 


Polk . . . 






'.775 


16,418 


138,687 


Dane . . 








3,73° 


34.550 


270,428 


Portage . . 






1. 1 46 


13,196 


86,905 


Dodge . . 








3i5'5 


34,897 


254,204 


Price . . . 






•55 


508 


4,223 


Door . . 








853 


4,190 


30,890 


Racine . . 






','59 


12,700 


107,808 


Douglas . 








121 


810 


4,906 


Richland 






1,094 


'1.57' 


100,061 


Dunn . . 








1,381 


16,465 


'5 ',475 


Rock . . 






2,281 


32,847 


241,950 


Eau Claire 








73' 


8,431 


55,266 


Rusk . . . 






333- 


1,213 


9, '70 


Florence . 








51 


147 


1,462 


St. Croix . 






1,461 


1 6,990 


124,417, 


Fond du Lac 








2,709 


31,447 


266,862 


Sauk . . . 






'.775 


17,610 


'67,'45 


Forest . . 








24 


63 


570 


Sawyer . . 






103 


',33' 


12,874 


Grant . . 








1,246 


12,254 


113.976 


Shawano . 






',538 


1 2,496 


89,998 


Green . . 








1,836 


21,482 


167.800 


Sheboygan . 






3.012 


25,184 


200,090 


Green Lake 








547 


'0,563 


68.44S 


Taylor . . 






229 


817 


4,900 


Iowa . . 








1,109 


12,207 


107,018 


Trempealeau 






1,078 


7,87' 


105,871 


Iron . . 








25 


86 


593 


Vernon . 






1,249 


10,663 


76,808 


Jackson . 








1,005 


11,043 


86.003 


Vilas . . 






47 


184 


',585 


Jefferson . 








2,344 


24,320 


201,212 


Walworth . 






2,067 


34,305 


272,208 


Juneau 








789 


7,747 


44,520 


Washburn . 






356 


2,500 


16,198 


Kenosha . 








898 


'4,905 


151,983 


Washington 






1.903 


18,456 


'23.436 


Kewaunee 








909 


4,146 


28,870 


Waukesha . 






2,59s 


26,521 


'79-936 


La Crosse 








903 


9,223 


89,952 


Waupaca . 






2,601 


20,600 


189,77' 


Lafayette . 








868 


13.720 


104,925 


Waushara . 






865 


9,52s 


88,652 


Langlade . 








446 


i.7'7 


10,908 


Winnebago 






'.438 


"7.253 


129,094 


Lincoln 








'73 
2,39' 


920 
12,250 


8,234 
111,686 


Wood . . 
Total 






',507 


10,202 


76,630 


Manitowoc 











Problems 

1. Based on the data on this page, how many tons of silage should be raised in an average year in 
your county from a field 30 rods wide and 40 rods long .' 

2. How many silos are there in your county on the average to each section of land (see page 50) ? 

3. Allowing 40 pounds as the average weight of a cubic foot of corn silage, how many cubic feet are 
there in a silo whose capacity is 3i tons .' 

42 w 




»>ti;^y/y/%<;iy f-^/^^/-^^-->-y^^^^ 



WISCONSIN 



SCALE OF MILES 

12 24 36 48* 



43 



WISCONSIN IS NOT IN THE "CORN BELT"— BUT! 



Projects (Select one) 

On the opposite page make a general corn map, using one dot (•) for every lOOO acres. 
On the opposite page make a corn {grain) map, nsing one dot (•) for ever)' 2§,000 bushels. 





Total Land 


Five-Year 


Averages 




Total Land 


Five-Year 


Averages 


County 


Area 
IN Acres 


Com Acreage 
for Grain 


Total Produc- 
tion in Bushels 


County 


Area 
IN Acres 


Com Acreage 
for Grain 


Total Produc- 
tion in Bushels 


Adams .... 


434,691 


21,724 


643.584 


Marathon . . . 


1,009,428 


2,593 


90,808 


Ashland . 








674,016 


93 


2.338 


Marinette 








909,784 


3,763 


158.516 


Barron 








561,361 


5-475 


189,262 


Marquette 








29', 779 


1 7,200 


689,012 


Bayfield . 








958,172 


240 


7,07' 


Milwaukee 








152.555 


5,836 


240,800 


Brown . . 








336.734 


4.240 


161,874 


Monroe . 








582,895 


16,206 


731,435 


Buffalo . 








447,338 


21.678 


938,630 


Oconto . 








7'3.472 


4.813 


180,940 


Burnett . 








535,554 


3, '53 


98,370 


Oneida . 








728,227 


320 


10,556 


Calumet . 








203,541 


2,845 


1 26, 1 4 1 


Outagamie 








410,297 


14,624 


7.0,406 


Chippewa 








662,008 


7,826 


320,180 


Ozaukee 








148,308 


2,943 


'35.586 


Clark . . 








778,611 


2,840 


108,490 


Pepin 








150,028 


9,000 


365.495 


Columbia . 








499. '39 


41,960 


1,382,180 


Pierce . 








370,419 


16,725 


598.556 


Crawford . 








368,949 


22,310 


895,668 


Polk . . 








595,211 


8,378 


289,540 


Dane . . 








765,027 


64,855 


2,842,993 


Portage . 








523,344 


8.135 


302,817 


Dodge . . 








572,086 


25,325 


1,121,023 


Price 








816,227 


'37 


3.875 


Door . . 








305,733 


3. '43 


1 1 9,600 


Racine . 








213,478 


12,686 


536,245 


Douglas . 








849,037 


372 


' 0,343 


Richland 








376,740 


1 7,600 


651,654 


Dunn . . 








55o.°39 


21,490 


889,650 


Rock 








457,286 


54,756 


2,017.575 


Eau Claire 








410,970 


10.540 


362,102 


Rusk . 








591,502 


1,185 


45.346 


Florence . 








312,864 


'5' 


4,290 


St. Croix 








467,129 


16,875 


675,600 


Fond du Lac 








462,320 


18,666 


732,710 


Sauk . . 








538,080 


40,680 


1,642,674 


Forest . . 








655,269 


46 


',655 


Sawyer . 








837,465 


275 


8,648 


Grant . . . 








738,468 


67,553 


2,675,370 


Shawano 








737,859 


10,074 


426,990 


Green . . 








370,950 


36,696 


',438,755 


Sheboygan 








328,155 


5,574 


269,023 


Green Lake 








225,284 


'4,9'4 


608,143 


Taylor . 








631,198 


230 


7,280 


Iowa . . 








485,462 


23,460 


941,632 


Trempealea 


11 






474,997 


17,256 


675,833 


Iron . . . 








504,527 


26 


947 


Vernon . 








521,562 


'7,'47 


800,63 ' 


Jackson . 








638,361 


",057 


37',452 


Vilas . 








560,489 


'37 


3,370 


Jefferson . 








353,784 


'9,550 


744,053 


Walworth 








357,'98 


30,038 


1.353,667 


Juneau 








511,272 


13,500 


438,535 


Washburn 








529,584 


3,428 


108,380 


Kenosha . 








'71,548 


8,943 


230,447 


Washington 








274,924 


5.776 


284,042 


Kewaunee 








218,582 


1,218 


45,600 


Waukesha 








354,360 


.1.5.8 


492,564 


La Crosse 








302,308 


14,205 


641,428 


Waupaca 








481,325 


7, '72 


322,375 


Lafayette . 








40 ',339 


37.774 


i.453,'83 


Waushara 








402,109 


'9,934 


612,452 


Langlade . 








555.4'4 


704 


19,800 


Winnebago 








286,796 


12,577 


439,582 


Lincoln . 








572,916 
380,027 


750 
2.5'3 


18,645 
94,848 


Wood . 
Total 








516,852 


3,837 


133,171 


Manitowoc 









Problems 

1. Using the data on this page, what do you think should be the average number of bushels of corn 
raised in your county from a field 40 rods wide and 60 rods long } 

2. If all the com fields in your county in an average year were in one big field one side of which 
were a mile in length, how long would the other side of the field be .' How many square miles of land 
would remain for other uses } 



44 




45 



WISCONSIN RAISES MUCH BARLEY 

Over two thirds of all the barley grown in the United States is raised in California, Minnesota, North 
Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. The average selling price of barley during a recent five-year 
period was 93 cents a bushel. 

YEARLY ACREAGE PLANTED AND NUMBER OF BUSHELS GROWN 

J^p* (Figures based on a recent five-year period) 



Acreage 


State 


Bushels 




California 




I 287 000 . 


Minnesota 


XI "iAO 000 


1,597,000 


. . North Dakota . . 
South Dakota . 


29,316,000 

25,960,000 

19,948,000 


618,000 


. . Wisconsin . . . 



FOLLOWING IS A GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF THESE FACTS 



Scale : 250,000 acres 



Project. Complete the graph. 



Scale : 6,000,000 bushels 



Acreage 



State 



Bushels 



~ — „^ 



1 



CALIFORNIA 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



L±_ i -.i L 



MINNESOTA 

Average number of bushels per 
■ acre 



NORTH DAKOTA 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



SOUTH DAKOTA 
Average number of bushels per 



WISCONSIN 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



46 



WHERE RYE IS RAISED 

Nearly two thirds of all the rye raised in the United States is grown in North Dakota, South Dakota, 
Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota. During a recent five-year period, its average selling price was ^1.31 
per bushel. 

YEARLY ACREAGE PLANTED AND NUMBER OF BUSHELS GROWN 

' (Figures based on a recent five-year period) 



Acreage 


State 


Bushels 




North Dakota . 


10,644,000 

7,741,000 

7,480,000 


3S3.o°o 

473,000 

486,000 

400,000 


. . South Dakota . . 
. . Wisconsin . . . 


Michigan .... 




Minnesota 


7,002,000 



FOLLOWING IS A GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF THESE FACTS 
Scale : 200,000 acres Project. Complete the graph. Scale : 2,000,000 bushels 



D 



Acreage 



State 



NORTH DAKOTA 
Average number of bushels per 



Bushels 






SOUTH DAKOTA 
Average number of bushels per 



WISCONSIN 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



MICHIGAN 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



MINNESOTA 
Average number of bushels per 



47 



WHO EATS OATS? 



Almost one half of all the oats raised in the United States comes from Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, 
Wisconsin, and Nebraska. Its average selling price during a recent five-year period was 59 cents a 
bushel. 

YEARLY ACREAGE PLANTED AND NUMBER OF BUSHELS GROWN 

' (Figures based on a recent five-year period) 



S-377.000 
4,425,000 
3,261,000 
2,256,000 
2,431,000 



Acreage 



State 



Bushels 



Iowa 214,839,000 

186,668,000 

124,352,000 

93,398,000 

78.374.000 



Illinois 

Minnesota 

Wisconsin 

Nebraska . 



FOLLOWING IS A GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF THESE FACTS 



Scale : 1,000,000 acres 



Project. Complete the graph. 



Scale : 50,000,000 bushels' 



Acreage 



State 



IOWA 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



ILLINOIS 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



MINNESOTA 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



WISCONSIN 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 



NEBRASKA 

Average number of bushels per 
acre 

48 



Bushels 



iliXM 


^i.a~ 













WHERE UNDER THE SUN IS WISCONSIN 

Problem Study 

THE FOUR SEASONS OF THE YEAR IN WISCONSIN 
(Refer to an almanac) 

What is the difference between a calendar and an almanac ? Benjamin Franklin made and sold " Poor 
Richard's Almanac" for many years; today you can get both calendars and almanacs free. Why is this so? 



As you know from observation, the sun rises earlier and sets later in summer than it does in winter. 
In fact, during the longest days of our summer there are almost six more hours of sunlight than there 
are during our shortest days in winter. How does setting the clock ahead in the summer "save daylight".? 



Winter 

Winter begins on the day of December. On that day the sun rises at 



o'clock A.M. and sets at o'clock p.m. That date is called the winter solstice. During that 

day we have hours and minutes of sunlight. (Look up in the dictionary the meaning 

of the word "zenith.") The sun at noon on this date is as far south of the zenith as it ever is. 



Spring 

Spring begins on the day of March. On that day the sun rises at o'clock 

A.M. and sets at o'clock p.m. There are hours and minutes of sunlight during 

that day. This date is called the vernal equinox. 



Summer 

The date of the summer solstice is the day of In what direction from 

yourself will you see your shadow at noon on that day } If you stood on the tropic of 

on that date the sun would be directly in the zenith at noon. 



Autumn 

The autumnal equinox falls on the day of There are 

hours and minutes less of sunlight on this day than on the date of the summer sol- 



stice. From the date of the summer solstice until the date of the winter solstice the will 

get shorter and shorter and the will get longer and longer ; they will be of about equal length 

on the date of the autumnal equinox. 



Find out the meaning of "equinox " ; of " solstice." 
w 49 



AUTOMOBILES AND HORSES IN WISCONSIN IN A RECENT YEAR 



Project. On the map on the opposite page put one red dot in each county for every lOOO automobiles 
and one blue dot for ever)' lOOO horses. 



County 


Automobiles 


Horses 


County 


Automobiles 


Horses 


County 


Automobiles 


Horses 


Adams . . . 


938 


5. 259 


Iowa . . . 


3.054 


'3.299 


Portage . . 


3.356 


9,918 


Ashland 


1.456 


2.965 


Iron . . . 


487 


'.'54 


Price . . 


1,129 


3,630 


Barron . . . 


4.334 


13.357 


Jackson . . 


2,192 


9,044 


Racine . . 


7,437 


7,984 


Bayfield . . 


942 


3.687 


Jefferson 


5. '21 


11,865 


Richland 


2,847 


10,199 


Brown . . . 


5.246 


10,856 


Juneau . . 


1,884 


7.777 


Rock . . 


8,683 


17,501 


Buffalo . . . 


2,294 


11,063 


Kenosha 


4.495 


6,287 


Rusk . . 


1,119 


4,162 


Burnett . . 


1,097 


4.409 


Kewaunee . 


1,968 


7.459 


St. Croix . 


3.308 


14,287 


Calumet . . 


2.653 


8,049 


La Crosse . 


4,463 


8,288 


Sauk . . . 


4.596 


15.692 


Chippewa . 


3.936 


12.735 


Lafayette . 


3. '99 


10,957 


Sawyer . . 


466 


'.774 


Clark . . . 


4,148 


14.427 


Langlade . 


1,660 


5. "7 


Shawano 


3.898 


11.546 


Columbia . 


4,269 


14.436 


Lincoln . . 


1,627 


4.308 


Sheboygan . 


6,803 


13.294 


Crawford . . 


1,876 


9.338 


Manitowoc . 


6,236 


14,278 


Taylor . . 


1,203 


5.'03 


Dane . . . 


13.592 


31,100 


Marathon . 


5.961 


18,824 


Trempealeau 


3.6'9 


'3.697 


Dodge . . . 


7,206 


18,706 


Marinette . 


2. '38 


6,691 


Vernon . . 


4,004 


14,605 


Door . . . 


2,202 


7.154 


Marquette . 


1,406 


5.382 


Vilas . . . 


422 


893 


Douglas . . 


3.6'4 


2,900 


Milwaukee . 


36.185 


10,922 


Walworth . 


4.876 


12,247 


Dunn . . . 


3.458 


14,627 


Monroe . . 


3.498 


12,546 


Washburn . 


887 


3.564 


Eau Claire 


3.442 


10,259 


Oconto . . 


3.277 


8,091 


Washington 


4.075 


9.454 


Florence . . 


250 


722 


Oneida . . 


1,144 


2,203 


Waukesha . 


5.903 


11.637 


Fond du Lac . 


7.535 


16,603 


Outagamie . 


5.45' 


'2,958 


Waupaca 


5.223 


'2.379 


Forest . . 


456 


1.556 


Ozaukee 


2,092 


5.458 


Waushara . 


2,482 


8.453 


Grant . . . 


6,268 


22,803 


Pepin . . 


981 


3.872 


Winnebago . 


5.609 


9,866 


Green . . . 


4,168 
2,05 I 


10,434 
6,368 


Pierce . . 
Polk . . . 


3.217 
3.443 


'2. '75 
io,7'3 


Wood . . 

Total . . 


3.538 


8.77S 


Green Lake . 







AREA OF COUNTIES IN WISCONSIN 





Land 




Land 




Land 




Land 




Land 


County 


Area in 


County 


Area in 


County 


Area in 


County 


Area in 


County 


Area in 




Sq. Ml. 




Sq. Ml. 




Sq. Ml. 




Sq. Mi. 




Sq. Mi. 


Adams . 


684 


Douglas . 


'.337 


Kewaunee 


337 


Pepin 


236 


Trempealeau 


748 


Ashland . 


1,082 


Dunn 


869 


La Crosse 


481 


Pierce . 


563 


Vernon . 


821 


Barron . 


885 


Eau Claire 


638 


Lafayette 


642 


Polk . . 


935 


Vilas . . . 


934 


Bayfield . 


1.503 


Florence . 


497 


Langlade 


875 


Portage . 


812 


Walworth . 


560 


Brown 


529 


P'ond du La< 


: 726 


Lincoln . 


902 


Price . 


',279 


Washburn . 


835 


Buffalo . 


687 


Forest . 


1,017 


Manitowoc 


602 


Racine . 


324 


Washington . 


431 


Burnett . 


860 


Grant . 


1,169 


Marathon 


',554 


Richland 


590 


Waukesha . 


549 


Calumet . 


324 


Green 


593 


Marinette 


1,415 


Rock . . 


716 


Waupaca 


759 


Chippewa 


'.039 


Green Lake 


360 


Marquette 


457 


Rusk . . 


925 


Waushara . 


646 


Clark . . 


1,218 


Iowa 


781 


Milwaukee 


235 


St. Croix 


735 


Winnebago . 


459 


Columbia 


778 


Iron . . 


792 


Monroe . 


937 


Sauk . . 


842 


Wood . . 


809 


Crawford 


579 


Jackson . 


990 


Oconto . 


1,118 


Sawver . 


1,320 


'lotal area 




Dane . . 


1,202 


Jefferson 


552 


Oneida . 


','83 


Shawano 


'.'58 


(land) . . 


55.256 


Dodge . 


897 


Juneau . 


802 


Outagamie 


646 


Sheboygan 


52' 


Total area (land 


Door . . 


469 


Kenosha . 


282 


Ozaukee . 
.so 


233 


Taylor . 


99' 


and water) . 


56,066 




WISCONSIN 



12 24 



SI 



WISCONSIN — THE "CREAM PITCHER" OF THE UNITED STATES 



Look at its shape ; take hold of the handle in 
counties and pour the cream out of the spout in 



-, and 



County 



CHEESE 

In a recent year the total cheese production in the United States was 430,853,213 pounds. The live 
leading states were as follows : Wisconsin, New York, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and California. 



Project. Pupil to fill in Wisconsin's line in graph. 



Scale : 



50,000,000 lb. 



State 


Pounds in One Year 


Bar Graph 




266,116,742 

81,269,094 

12,489,890 

10,160,597 

9.516,433 

430,853,213 








1 . Wisconsin 

2. New York 
































[ i 
























3. Pennsylvania 


c 


























4. Minnesota 


1 


























5. California 


\2_ 


























UNITED STATES .... 




? 








t 1 













CREAMERY BUTTER 



In a recent year there were 868,124,806 pounds of creamery butter produced in the United States. 
The five leading states were as follows : Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, California, and Ohio. 



Project. Pupil to fill in Wisconsin's line in graph. 



Scale: 



100,000,000 lb. 



State 



Pounds in One Year 



Bar Graph 



I. Minnesota 



2. Iowa . 

3. Wisconsin 

4. California 



5. Ohio 

UNITED STATES 



i3°>785.598 
87.914.633 
85,054,334 
61.795.295 

60,573,159 
868,124,806 



±_X 



j i i J_ 



B 


























































i 



















52 



WISCONSIN — THE "CREAM PITCHER" OF THE UNITED STATES 



CONDENSED AND EVAPORATED MILK 

In a recent year the total production of cmidetised and evaporated milk in the United States was 
2,124,655,833 pounds. The five leading states were as follows : Wisconsin, New York, Michigan, Illinois, 
and Pennsylvania. 



Project. Pupil to fill in Wisconsin s line in graph. 



Scale : 



250,000,000 lb. 



Statk 



Pounds in One Year 



Bar Graph 



I. Wisconsin 



2. New York 



3. Michigan 



4. Illinois 



5. Pennsylvania 



UNITED STATES 



498,705,199 

446,009,206 

201,428,554 
190,774,472 

182,771,850 
2,124.655,833 



I \ 

















m 



















■ 



















A\\A 



Problems 

1. Holstein, Jersey, Ayrshire, and Guernsey cattle are known as "dairy cattle." Can you describe a 
cow of each of these breeds so that your classmates will know to which breed she belongs .•' Account for 
the names of these breeds. 

2. What does the name of Dr. Stephen M. Babcock mean in the dairy business .' 

3. Look at the market reports in the newspaper. What is the price quoted for butter } for cheese .' 

4. How much milk is required to make a pound of cheese .-' to make a pound of butter ? What is 
whey ">. What is buttermilk } 

5. At what time of the year are butter and cheese prices lowest "i At what time are they the highest .' 
How do you account for this .' 

6. How many cubic feet of space are there in your schoolroom t Can you express this number of 
cubic feet in cubic inches .? How many cubic inches are there in a gallon 1 How many pints are there 
in a gallon .-' If you consider that a pint of milk weighs about one pound, how many pounds of milk 
would there be in a vat the size of your schoolroom.' How many vats of this size would it take to 
contain the milk produced in one year by the cows of your county .' (See page 20.) 

7. Thirteen pounds of ice cream are manufactured every sixty seconds in Wisconsin. The total weight 

of ice cream manufactured in Wisconsin in one day is times my own weight. The total weight 

manufactured in a week would make about pints of brick ice cream. The total weight of a year's 

production of Wisconsin ice cream weighs tons. 

w 53 



THE " WHITE COAL " OF WISCONSIN 

Problem Study- 
Whenever you " push the button " or " turn the switch," and the room is filled with the brilliancy of 
electric light, you have connected the electric lamp with a whirling dynamo which is being turned by 
either steam power or water power. Steam power is produced by burning black coal under a boiler con- 
taining water held under pressure ; you have all seen an illustration of this in a steam engine. Another 
way of getting power is to use falling water to turn a water wheel. Someone has called this falling water 
" white coal." (Look in a dictionary to find pictures of the following kinds of water wheels : undershot 
wheel, overshot wheel, turbine wheel. Is there a water wheel of any kind in your locality .') 

Not a single pound of black coal is mined in Wisconsin — every lump we burn must be brought 
to us from long distances by trains or boats. (F'ind out the present price of bituminous (soft) coal at your 
nearest dealer's.) At the present time the waters of Wisconsin's rivers, — our own "white coal," — held 
back by dams and forced to turn water wheels before they are allowed to flow on toward the sea, are pro- 
ducing as much power each year as could be made by burning 3,000,000 tons of black coal. At the 
present price of soft coal this amount of coal would cost $ 

In speaking of working power we measure in " horse power" ; that is, we call the force necessary to 
lift 33,000 pounds through a distance of i foot in i minute "one horse power." Wisconsin's "white 
coal" is now producing power equal to 275,000 horse power. The United States Geological Survey 
estimates that when all Wisconsin's water powers have been harnessed and set to work, the power 
produced will equal 1 1 . i horse power per square mile. This will give to the people of our state water 
power equal to horse power. 

The greater part of the water power produced in Wisconsin is now used at the places where the dams 
have been built. The water wheels are connected directly with machinery used in manufacturing or for 
the making of electricity which is used locally. Some important places where water power is used for 
manufacturing purposes are Rhinelander, Wausau, Wisconsin Rapids, Neenah, Menasha, Appleton, 
Kimberly, Kaukauna, De Pere, Chippewa Falls, and Eau Claire. 

Put a square (D) at the source, and a circle (O) at the mouth, of each of the following rivers : Wis- 
consin, Fox, Chippewa. Locate each of the following places, noting on which of these rivers it is situated, 
and write its elevation above sea level as follows: Tomahawk, 143 1 feet; Portage, 784 feet; Neenah, 747 
feet; Kaukauna, 594 feet; Bruce (Rusk County), 1064 feet; Chippewa Falls, 839 feet; Eau Claire, 770 
feet. If there is a dam in or near your home or village find out what use is made of its " white coal." 

In a number of places in Wisconsin electricity is produced by water power and carried on wires hun- 
dreds of miles to be used in lighting cities, villages, and homes, or in running machinery for manu- 
facturing. In some cities the street cars are propelled by electricity developed in this way. 

Locate Kilbourn on the map on the opposite page. Show by lines how the following places are con- 
nected with Kilbourn by electricity : Portage, Watertown, Oconomowoc, and Milwaukee. Send lines from 
Watertown to Jefferson and Fort Atkinson, and from Kilbourn to Beaver Dam by way of Fox Lake. 

Locate St. Croix Falls and Chippewa Falls on the map on the opposite page. Send lines from them 
to St. Paul and Minneapolis in the state of Minnesota. 

Locate Hatfield in Jackson County, Mellen in Ashland County, Prairie du Sac in Sauk County, High 
Falls in Marinette County. If your home city or village or any city or village near your home receives 
electricity from any of these water-power plants, show by a line on the map on the opposite page the 
lines of wires making the connection. If the electricity used in your home city or village comes from 
any other place than from one of these, show on the map the lines of wires connecting your home and 
the site of the power plant from which it receives its electricity. 

54 w 




55 



STUDYING MY OWN COUNTY 



(Pupil talking) 



Project. On the opposite page I have drawn a map of my own county. On this map I have shoivn 
%vhat areas of land or ivater surround my county. I have divided the county into townships and have 
written in the name of each toivnship. I have shown the lakes, rivers, railroad lines, state and county 
roads, and other important highivays of my county. I have located the iviportant cities and villages and 
have designated the county seat as follozvs : (O). Below the map I have drawn the scale of miles zvhich 
I used in drawing the map. 

FACTS REGARDING MY COUNTY 

1. My county contains square miles (see page 50). Its exact land area in acres 

is . (see page 44). 

2. The total population of my county, according to the 1920 United States Census, is 
(see pages 60 and 61). 



3. From my own observation the following important agricultural crops are raised in my county : 



4. From my own observation people in my county are engaged in the following occupations : 



5. From my own knowledge my immediate family serves others in the following manner ; 



6. From my own knowledge others serve my immediate family in the following ways : 



S6 



MAP OF COUNTY 

(To be drawn by the pupil) 



57 



STUDY OF MY OWN CITY, VILLAGE, TOWNSHIP, OR SCHOOL DISTRICT 

(I'upil to select one of the above and draw the map on page 59) 

Project. On the opposite page I have drawn a map of my 



Its name is The scale I used in drawing is shown in 

the lower left-hand corner of the page. 

Note. If the map is of a township it should show the section lines. Its boundary lines should be properly designated in 
their relation to base lines and correction lines. The Wisconsin State Railroad Map will supply this information. If the map is 
of a village or city it should show the principal streets and the location of schoolhouses and such other buildings and detail 
as may be shown clearly. If the map is of the school district it should show the location of the schoolhouse, the roads, and 
of as many farms and homes as seems best to the teacher. 

Composition 
ffow tfut fitapLb of Tfty ciit a^SM^Tt^ ot^i&i, pt(yplt 



S8 



MAP OF 

(To be drawn by the pupil) 



59 



POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND INCORPORATED PLACES IN WISCONSIN 

(CENSUS OF 1920) 
Counties appear in heavy type and county seats in italic type. The asterisk indicates places located in two counties. 



9,287 

1,1 19 

442 

24.538 

"334 

618 

1,981 

34,281 

572 

1,154 

1,528 

425 

426 

• 299 

• 679 
4-457 

Bayfield . . 17,201 
Bayfield. . 1,441 
M'ashhtirn . 3,7oy 

Brown . . . 61,889 

Denmark . 735 
De Pere . 5,165 
Green Bay . ji,oiy 
Pulaski . . 718 
Wrightstown 571 

Buffalo . . . 15,615 

Alma . . 97 o 
Buffalo . . 286 
Cochrane . 305 
Fountain City 880 
Mondovi i,554 



Adams . . 

Adams . 
Friendship 

Ashland 

Ashland 
Butternut 

Mellen . 

Barron . . 
Barron . 
Cameron 
Chetek . 

Cumberland 
Dallas . 
Haugen . 
Prairie Farm 
Turtle Lake 
Rice Lake . 



Burnett . . 
Grantshurg 
Webster 

Calumet . . 

Brillion . 
Chilton . . 
Hilbert . . 
Kiel*. 



10.735 

ySf 

399 
17,228 

1,102 

^,S33 
614 

.599 



Calumet, 179 
Manitowoc, i4» 

New Holstein 1,373 

Stockbridge 387 

Chippewa . 36,482 

Bloomer . i ,648 
Boyd. . . 478 
Cadott . . 723 
Cornell . . 1,337 
Chippewa F. 9,130 
New Auburn 386 
Stanley . . 2,577 

Clark . 35,120 

Abbottsford* 782 
Clark, 631 
Marathon, 151 

Colby* . . 798 
Clark, 594 
Marathon, 304 



Curtiss . . 186 

Dorchester. 519 

Granton . . 334 

Greenwood. 761 

Loyal . . 735 

Neillsville . s,i6o 

Owen . . 1,083 

Thorp . . 796 

Unity* . . 405 

Clark, 120 

Marathon, 385 

Withee . . 380 



Columbia 

Cambria 

Columbus 

Doylestown 

Fall River 

Kilbourn 

Lodi . . 

Pardeeville 

Portage . 

Poynette 

Randolph* 
Columbia, 347 
Dodge, 836 

Rio . . 
Wyocena 

Crawford . 
Bell Center 
De Soto* 



30,468 

679 

2.460 

270 

400 

1,206 

1,077 

878 

5^S2 

724 

1.183 



620 
282 



Crawford, 63 
Vernon, 236 

Eastman 

Ferryville . 

Gays Mills . 

Lynxville 

Prairie du 

Chien 

Soldiers Grove 

Steuben . 

Wauzeka 



16,772 
210 
299 



286 
203 
652 
253 



Dane . 

Belleville* 
Dane, 559 
Gteen, 66 



3,537 
653 
305 
479 
89,432 
625 



Black Earth 464 

Brooklyn* . 407 

Dane, 117 

Green, 290 

Cambridge . 490 

Dane . . 316 

Deerfield . 594 

De Forest . 493 
Madison . 3S.J7S 

Marshall . 497 

Mazomanie. 756 

Middleton . 791 

Mount Horeb 1,350 

Oregon . . 871 

Rockdale . 1 39 

Stoughton . 5,101 



Sun Prairie 1,236 
Waunakee . 560 

Dodge . 49.742 

Beaver Dam 7,992 

Fox Lake 1,012 

Horicon . . 2,134 

Hustisford . 595 

Iron Kidge . 287 

Juneau . . I.IS9 

Lomira . . 554 

Lowell . . 293 

Mayville . 3,01 1 

Neosho . . 296 

Randolph* . 1,183 

Dodge, 836 

Columbia, 347 

Reeseville . 423 
Theresa. . 381 
Watertown* 9,299 
Dodge, J, 439 
Jefferson, 6,860 

Waupun* . 4,440 
Dodge, 2,93a 
Fond duLac, 1,508 

Door . . . 19,073 

Ephraim 196 

Sister Bay . 190 
Sturgeon Bay 4^J3 

Douglas . . 49,771 

Lake Nebaga- 



mon . 
Oliver 
Poplar . 
Superior 
Dunn . . 
Colfax- . 
Downing . 
Elk Mound 
Knapp . 
Menomonie 
Weston . 



458 
'53 
357 
- 39^(>7i 
. 26,970 
905 
374 
357 
478 

5,'04 
177 



Eau Claire . 35,771 

Altoona . . 960 
Augusta. . 1,407 
Eau Claire 20,go6 
Fairchild 660 

Fall Creek . 507 

Florence . . 3,602 
l-'lorence . 1,768 

Fond du Lac . 56,119 
Brandon 68 2 

Campbellsport 730 
Eden . . 176 
Fonddu Lac '2.3,427 
N. Fond du 

Lac . . 2,150 
Oakfield . 556 
Ripon . . 3-929 
Rosendale . 305 
St. Cloud . 367 
60 



Waupun* 4,440 

Fond du Lac, 1,508 
Dodge, 2,932 

Forest . . . 9,850 
Crandon . i.6^2 



Grant . . . 

Bagley . 

Bloomington 

Blue River 

Boscobel 

Cassville 

Cuba . 

Fennimore . 

Haze! Green 

Lancaster . 

Livingston* 
Grant, 545 
Iowa, 29 

Montfort 

Mount Hope 

Muscoda 

Potosi 

Platteville 

Woodman 

Green . . 

Albany . 

Belleville* . 
Green, 66 
Dane, 559 

Brodhead . 

Brooklyn* . 
Green, 290 
Dane, 117 

Browntown 
A f on roe . ■ 
Monticello . 
New Glarus 

Green Lake 

Berlin* . 



39.044 

• 3'5 
. 657 

■ 39^' 
1,670 

899 
'-175 
■-383 

647 

574 

598 
215 

903 
501 

4-353 

■38 

21,568 

74' 
. 625 

1,600 
407 



245 

4,788 

677 

981 

• M.875 

4.400 



Green Lake, 4,336 
Waushara, 44 

Green Lake 456 

Markesan . 959 

Princeton I-275 

Iowa . . . 21,504 

Avoca 432 

Barneveld . 289 

Cobb. . . 230 

Dodgeville . i,8g6 

Highland 1,024 

HoUandale . 236 

Linden . . 490 

Livingston* 574 

Iowa, 29 

Grant, 545 

Mineral Point 2,569 



Rewey 
Ridgeway 

Iron . . . 

Hamilton 
Hurley . 



324 
428 

10,261 

1,890 
3,^SS 



Jackson . . 17,746 
Alma Center 461 
Black River 

Falls . . i,7g6 
Melrose . . 445 
Merrillan 628 

Jefferson . . 35,022 

Ft. Atkinson 4.91 5 
Jefferson . 2,572 
Johnson Creek 493 
Lake Mills . 1,754 
Palmyra . . 685 
Sullivan . 320 

Waterloo . i ,262 
Watertown* 9299 

Jefferson, 6,860 

Dodge, 2,439 

Juneau . . 19,209 

Camp Douglas 471 
Elroy . . 1,713 
Hustler . . 163 
Lyndon Station 292 
Mauston . 1,966 
Necedah 852 

New Lisbon 994 
Union Center 1 70 
Wonewoc . 798 

Kenosha . . 51,284 

Kenosha . 40,472 

Kewaunee . . 16,091 

Algoma . . 1,91 1 

Kewaunee . 1,865 

Luxemburg. 457 

La Crosse . 44.355 
Bangor . . 854 
La Crosse . 30,421 
Onalaska 1,066 

Rockland 1 65 

West Salem 1,027 

Lafayette . . 20,002 

Arg)-le . . 701 
Belmont. 498 

Benton . . 874 
Blanchardville 653 
Darlington 1,798 
Gratiot . . 338 
Shullsburg . 1,158 
South Wayne 290 



Langlade . 

Antigo . 

Lincoln . . 

Merrill . . 
Tomahawk 



Manitowoc 

Kiel* . . 
Manitowoc, 
Calumet, 179 

Manitowoc 17,563 



21,471 

S,45' 

21,084 

S,o68 

2,898 

5».644 

«,599 
1,420 



Reedsville 


■ 571 


Two Rivers 


7,305 


Marathon . . 


65.259 


Abbottsford* 782 


Maratbon, 


51 


Clark, 631 




Athens . . 


940 


Brokaw . 


493 


Colby* . . 


798 


Marathon, 


04 


Clark, 594 




Edgar . . 


723 


Elderon . . 


215 


Kenwood 


.78 


Hatley . . 


290 


McMillan . 


SI 


Marathon 


670 


Mosinee . 


1,161 


Rothschild 


413 


Schofield 


1,049 


Spencer . 


482 


Stratford 


1,014 


Unity* . 


405 


Marathon, 


185 


Clark, 120 




Wausau . 


18,661 


Marinette 


34,361 


Coleman 


3°S 


Crivitz . 


447 


Marinette 


13,610 


Niagara . 


1,946 


Peshtigo 


1,440 


Pound 


228 


Marquette . 


10.443 


Montetlo 


/,II2 


Neshkoro 


396 


Oxford . 


416 


Westfield 


858 


Milwaukee 


539.449 


Cudahy . 


6,72s 


Milwaukee 


457,'47 


N. Milwauk 


ee 3,047 


Shore wood 


2,650 


S. Milwaukf 


;e 7,598 


Wauwatosa 


S,8i8 


West Allis 


13.745 


W. Milwauk 


ee 2,101 


Whitefish B 


ay 882 


Monroe . . 


28,666 


Cashton . 


753 


Kendall 


506 


Norwalk 


531 


Ontario* 


424 


Monroe, 11 




Vernon, 31 




Sparta . 


. 4,466 


Tomah . 


■ 3,257 


Wilton . 


519 


Oconto . . 


. 27,104 


Gillett . 


. 785 


Oconto . 


. 4.9^0 


Oconto Fal 


s 1,914 


Suring . . 


• 294 


Oneida . . 


■ 13.996 


Rhinelande 


'- 6,6j4 


Outagamie 


■ 55.113 


Appleton 


. /9j6/ 



Bear Creek . 337 
Black Creek 516 
Hortonville . 960 
Kaukauna . 5,95 1 
Kimberly . 1,382 
Little Chute 2,017 
New London* 4,667 
Outagamie, 1,099 
Waupaca, 3,568 

Seymour . 1,280 
Shiocton . 501 

Ozaukee . 16,335 

Cedarburg . 1,738 

Grafton . . 898 
Port Il'as/i- 

ington . 3,340 

Saukville 330 

Thiensville . 334 

Pepin . . . 7,481 

Durand. . 1,317 

Pepin . . 55S 

Stockholm . 207 

Pierce . . . 21,663 
Bay City 213 

Ellsworth . 1,043 
Elmwood . 632 
Maiden I'lock 293 
Plum City . 327 
Prescott 892 

River Falls* 2,273 

Pierce, 2,057 

St. Croix, 216 

Spring Valley 939 

Polk . . . 26,870 

Amery . 1,203 

Balsam Lake sji 
Centuria 358 

Clayton . . 304 
Clear Lake . 689 
Frederick . 602 
Luck . . . 479 
Milltown . 440 
Osceola . . 674 
St. Croix Falls 825 

Portage . 33,649 

Almond . . 504 
Amherst 588 

Amherst June. 192 
Junction 275 

Nelsonville . 187 
Plover . 316 

Rosholt . . 448 
Stevens 

Point. . 11,371 

Price . . . 18,517 

Kennan . . 319 

Park Falls . 2,676 

Phillips . 1,973 

Prentice . . 588 

Racine . . . 78,961 

Burlington . 3,626 

Corliss . . 564 

Racine . . S^'S9S 

Rochester . 220 
Union Grove 729 

Waterford 668 



Richland . . 19,823 

Cazenovia . 488 
Lone Rock . 453 
Richland 

Center . 3,409 
Viola* . . 858 

Richland, 551 

Vernon, 307 



Gresham 
Mattoon 
Shawano 
Tigerton 
Wittenberg . 



309 

666 

3 -344 
748 
854 



Rock . . 

Beloit 
Clinton . 
Edgerton 
Evansville 
Footville 
Janesvilte 
Milton . 
Orfordville 

Rusk . . 

Bruce 
Conrath . 
Glen Flora 
Ingram . 
Ladysmith 
Sheldon . 
Tony . . 
Weyerhauser 



66,150 

21,284 

938 

2,688 

2,209 

35' 

18,293 

834 

496 

16,403 

56, 
14s 
174 
124 

3,581 
123 
216 
368 



St. Croix . 

Baldwin . 

Deer Park 

Glenwood 

Hammond 

Hudson . 

New Rich- 
mond . 

North Hudson 

River Falls* 
St. Croix, 216 
Pierce, 2,057 

^ Somerset 
Star Prairie 
Wilson . 
Woodville . 



26,106 

668 

233 
779 
368 

3,014 

2,248 
586 

;,273 
406 

413 

222 
298 

Sauk . . . 32,548 

Ableman . 542 
Baraboo . 3,538 
fronton . . 199 
Lavalle . 447 

Limeridge . 256 
Loganville . 265 
Merrimac . 270 
North Freedom 621 
Plain . . . 324 
Prairie du Sac 866 
Reedsburg . 2,997 
Sauk City . 1,162 
Spring Green 690 

Sawyer . . 8,243 
Exeland . . 211 
Hay ward . T 302 



Sheboygan . 59,913 

Adell. . . 246 
Cascade . . 362 
Cedar Grove 654 
Elkhart Lake 527 
Glenbeulah 29S 

Kohler . . 403 
Oostburg . 497 
Plymouth . 3,415 
Random Lake 479 
Sheboygan . 30,933 
Sheboygan 



Falls 



2,002 



Taylor . . . 18,045 

Gilman . . 522 

Lublin . . 209 

Medford . 1,881 

Rib Lake . 1,020 

Trempealeau . 24,506 

Arcadia . . 1,418 

Blair ... 657 

Eleva . . 379 

Galesville . 952 

Independence 805 

Osseo . . 802 

Trempealeau 536 

Whitehall . S31 

Vernon . . . 29,252 

Coon Valley 369 
De Soto* . 299 

Vernon, 236 

Crawford, 63 

Hillsboro . 950 
La Farge . 788 
Ontario*. . 424 

Vernon, 311 

Monroe, 113 

Readstown . 546 
Stoddard . 305 
Viola* . . 858 

Vernon, 307 

Richland, 551 

Viroqua . . 2,3/4 
Westby . . 1,228 

Vilas . . . 5,649 

Eagle River 6/2 

Walworth . . 29,327 

Delavan . . 3,016 

East Troy . 773 

Eli-horn . 1,991 

Genoa June. 656 

Lake Geneva 2,632 

Sharon . . 908 



Shawano . 


33.975 


Walworth . 757 


Aniwa . 


. 250 


Whitewater 3,215 


Birnamwood 651 


Williams Bay 436 


Bonduel . 


504 




Cecil . . 


379 


Washburn. . 11,377 


Eland 

61 


344 


Minong . . 230 



Shell Lake 
Spooner 

Washington 

Hartford 
Jackson . 
Kewaskum 
Slinger . 
West Bend 



920 
2,293 

25.713 

4,51s 
230 
707 
73° 

3-378 



Waukesha . 

Dousman 
Eagle 
Hartland 
Menomonee 
Falls . . 
Mukwonago 
New Buder 
North Prairie 
Oconomowoc 
Pewaukee 
Waukesha 



Waupaca . . 34,200 

Clintonville. 3,275 
Embarrass . 296 
Fremont . 374 
lola . . . 843 
Manawa . 727 
Marion . . 875 
New London* 4,667 
Waupaca, 3,568 
Outagamie, 1,099 



42,612 

23s 
394 
800 

1,019 
697 
564 
263 

3,30' 
800 

12,338 



Ogdensburg 
Royalton 
Scandinavia 
U 'aupaca . 
Weyauwega 

Waushara 

Berlin* . . 
Waushara, 44 
Green Lake, 4 
Hancock 
Lohrville 
Plainfield 
Redgranite 
Wauto/na 
Wild Rose 



Winnebago 

Menasha 
Neenah . 
Omro 
Oshkosh . 
Winneconne 



237 
334 
373 
2,839 
938 

16,712 

4,400 

356 
443 
245 
580 
1,012 
1,046 
576 



63.897 

7,214 
7.'7i 
1,042 

33,'(>2 
745 



Wood . . . 34.643 

Auburndale 334 
Biron . . 286 
Marshfield . 7,394 
Nekoosa . 1,639 
Pittsville . 504 
Port Edwards 755 
Wisconsin 
Rapids . 7,243 

Total population of 
Wisconsin 2,632,067 



HOW MANY THERE ARE OF US 



(See statistical tables on pages 60 and 61 of this book) 



people live in Wisconsin. 
people in my home 



According to the United States Census of 1920, 

There are people in my county. There are 

city or village or the nearest city or village to my home. 

Project. On the map on the opposite page write the names of the tzventy largest cities in Wisconsin. 
Shoiu the location of each, except the capital ami the metropolis, by a dot (•). Shoiv the location of the 
capital by a star (it). Show the location of the metropolis by a square (D)- If you wish, you may wtite 
the name of the capital in blue and the name of the metropolis in red. List these tiventy cities belotv in 
order of their population. 



City 


Population 


In County of 


I. 






' 






3. 






j\. 






5 






6. 






7. 






8. 






9 






10. 






II. 






17. 






I^. 






M 






"f- 






■ r, 






'7- 






18. 






'0 






:>o. 













62 




WISCONSIN 



SCALE OF M I LES 

12 24 36 43 60 



63 



A SONG THAT ALL BADGER STATE BOYS AND GIRLS SHOULD SING 

Project. On this page copy in your very best handwriting the stirring song of our state — "On 
Wisconsin." 



Name of the author of this song 
64 



THE TEACHING OF GEOGRAPHY 

By Mendel E. Branom, Department of Geography, Harris Teachers G)Uege, St. Louts, and Frjed K. 
Branom, Department of Geography, Chicago Normal College 

The "new geography " emphasizes interpretation as well as facts. This is 
the basis for "The Teaching of Geography," which shows how the wodk may 
be related to the child's interests and experiences and may be so motivated that 
he will attack the problems whole-heartedly. A bird's-eye view of the scope of 
this method book may be had from the following: 

CONTENTS 

a,.pc« PART ONE. THE VIEWPOINT ^^ ^, ^,^„ 

I. The Practical Nature of Geography . . , . . . 

II. The Evolution of Geographic Knowledge Emphasizing the Development of Civilizations ■ 

III. The Relation of GeographJ' to Other Subjects . iz 

IV. The Evolution of Geography Method .... 1 1 
V. Aims or Purposes in the Teaching of Gcograp! ;o 

PART T^O. THfe CDDURSB OF STUDY 
VI. The Organization of a Course of Study 

PART THREE. THE MATERIALS Of- GBUCiR. i i. 

VII. Observational Geography . .' . \ ....... . i(> 

VIII. Representative, or Symbolic, Geography . ^.' 

PART FOUR. THE CLASS 

IX, Class Organization i ' 

X, Socialization and Free Activity 
XI. The Relation of the Study Period to tiie Reaution Period .... i ; 

PART FIVE. THE PROJECT, OR ACTIVE. METHOD 

Xn. The Motivation of Geograph)' ^ 

XIII. The Problem Method of Teaching Geography 

XIV. The Argumentative Lesson 
XV. The Topical Outline 

XVI. Journey Geography 

XVn. Type Studies . 

XVIII. The Story . . 

XIX. Dramatization 

XX. The Project . 

XXL Measuring Rcsul'^ 

GINN AND COMPANY : PUBLISHERS 



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